硼缓解柑橘枳壳砧木铝毒的机理研究
发布时间：2021-05-11 12:45
酸性土壤占世界可耕地面积的40%。铝（A1）是地壳中继氧和硅之后的第三丰富元素,约占地壳的7%。另外,红壤面积占全国总土地面积的20%以上,且主要分布在中国的热带和亚热带地区。在酸性土壤中,铝毒害是限制作物生长发育和生产力的主要环境因素。其中,铝毒对植物的毒害症状最初和最明显的症状是抑制植物根系伸长。硼（B）是高等植物生长发育最重要的微量营养素之一,缺硼通常诱导植物根系的异常生长,侧根发育受阻。硼定义了细胞壁结构并确保植物受到逆境胁迫时细胞壁的稳定性。高等植物的细胞壁含有大量的多糖,包括鼠李半乳糖醛酸（RG-Ⅱ）,硼通过双酯键与RG-Ⅱ交联结合以稳定细胞壁结构,充分堆积的细胞网络形成稳定的细胞壁,孔径减小,细胞壁收紧,限制大分子/元素进入细胞。由于植物的细胞壁是铝积累的主要部位,因此细胞壁在植物抗铝毒机制中具有重要作用。据报道,具有羧酸盐基团的初生细胞壁是铝吸附的主要位点。目前已研究出几种农艺措施可以减轻铝的毒害,比如说酸性土壤中施用石灰。然而,施用石灰会降低必需元素的可用性而对植物生长产生不利影响,并且在经济上并不总是可行的。另外,一些学者已经提出硼可以减轻铝对植物生长的毒性作用,并...
【文章来源】：华中农业大学湖北省 211工程院校 教育部直属院校
【文章页数】：122 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
摘要
Abstract
CHAPTER 1 Introduction
1.1 Acid soils and aluminum toxicity
1.1.1 Acid soils and distribution of acid soils
1.1.2 Occurrence of aluminum
1.2 Symptoms of A1 toxicity
1.2.1 Root growth inhibition
1.2.2 Alterations in the cell wall structure
1.2.3 Induction of callose
1.2.4 Plasma membrane damages
1.2.5 Nutritional imbalance
1.2.6 Oxidative stress
1.3 Measures of alleviating Al toxicity
1.3.1 Importance of B
1.3.2 Role of B in the cell wall
1.3.3 RG-Ⅱ borate complexes in the primary cell wall
1.3.4 Bio-synthesis of pectic wall polymers (pectin methyltransferase)
1.3.5 B induced alleviation of Al toxicity
1.3.6 B induced regulation of apoplastic binding of Al and root injury
1.3.7 B induced activation of antioxidant defense system
1.4 Trifoliate orange
1.5 Research objectives
CHAPTER 2 Boron alleviates aluminum toxicity in trifoliate seedling by regulatingantioxidant defense system and reducing root cell injury
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Objective
2.3 Materials and methods
2.3.1 Plant material and growth conditions
2.3.2 Experimental treatments
2.3.3 Leaf gas exchange parameters and root length measurement
2.3.4 FDA-PI double staining, hematoxylin and morin staining
2.3.5 Antioxidant enzyme assay, and determination of MDA, H_2O_2 content
2.3.6 Assay of phenylalanine ammonia lyase and polyphenol oxidase
2.3.7 Measurement of total soluble proteins and free proline contents
2.3.8 Determination of B and A1 concentrations
2.3.9 Statistical analysis
2.4 Results
2.4.1 Effect of B on the plant growth parameters under Al toxicity
2.4.2 Influence of B on leaf gas exchange parameters under Al toxicity
2.4.3 FDA-PI double staining, hematoxylin and morin staining
2.4.4 Effect of B on the total soluble protein, proline, MDA, H_2O_2 contents andantioxidant enzymes activities under Al toxicity
2.4.5 Effect of B on the PAL and PPO contents under Al toxicity
2.4.6 B and Al concentration in plant parts
2.5 Discussion
2.6 Conclusion
CHAPTER 3 Boron reduces aluminum-induced growth inhibition and oxidativedamages in roots of trifoliate seedling
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Objectives
3.3 Materials and methods
3.3.1 Plant material
3.3.2 Growth conditions
3.3.3 Experimental treatments
3.3.4 Measurement of root growth and dry biomass
3.3.5 Extraction of cell wall
3.3.6 Quantification of total B and A1 concentrations
3.3.7 Assessment of plasma membrane (PM) integrity and electrolyte leakage in roots
3.3.8 Measurement of reactive oxygen species, and malondialdehyde contents
3.3.9 Statistical analysis
3.4 Results
3.4.1 Effect of B on root growth, dry weight, and visible symptoms of A1 toxicity
3.4.2 B and A1 distribution in roots and root cell wall
3.4.3 Influence of B on ROS levels in roots under A1 stress
3.4.4 Influence of B and Al on the MDA contents and root electrolyte leakage
3.5 Discussion
3.6 Conclusion
CHAPTER 4 Boron increases root growth by reducing aluminum-induced disorganizeddistribution of HG epitopes and alterations in the subcellular cell wall structure oftrifoliate orange roots
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Objectives
4.3 Material and methods
4.3.1 Plant materials and growth conditions
4.3.2 Experimental treatments
4.3.3 Extraction of cell wall
4.3.4 Determination of B and Al concentrations
4.3.5 Lumogallion staining and confocal microscopy
4.3.6 Immunolabelling of low and high-methyl esterified pectin epitope
4.3.7 Transmission electron microscopy of roots
4.3.8 FTIR sample preparation and analysis
4.3.9 Statistical analysis
4.4 Results
4.4.1 Root growth response to Al toxicity
4.4.2 Localization of A1 with lumogallion staining
4.4.3 Transmission electron microscope of roots
4.4.4 Effect of A1 toxicity on JIM5 and JIM7 homogalacturonan epitopes
4.4.5 FT-IR analysis of root cell wall
4.5 Discussion
4.6 Conclusion
CHAPTER 5 Boron supply maintains efficient antioxidant system, cell wall componentsand reduces aluminum concentration in roots of trifoliate orange
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Objectives
5.3 Materials and methods
5.3.1 Plant material and growth condition
5.3.2 Experimental treatments
5.3.3 Plant sampling and specimen preparation
5.3.4 Extraction of cell wall material
5.3.5 Quantification of Al and B in root apex and cell wall
5.3.6 Fractionation of cell wall components
5.3.7 Measurement of monoamine oxidase,xanthine,T-AOC,and VC concentrations
5.3.8 Histochemical analysis of callose deposition
5.3.9 Statistical analysis
5.4 Results
5.4.1 Effect of B on the root growth under A1 toxicity
5.4.2 Localization of A1 in the root tips through confocal laser microscope
5.4.3 Fractionation of Al
5.4.4 Cell wall components
5.4.5 Activities of monoamine oxidase, xanthine oxidase, vitamin C (VC) and totalantioxidant capability (T-AOC) in leaves
5.4.6 Effect of A1 on callose deposition
5.4.7 Principal component analysis
5.5 Discussion
5.6 Conclusion
CHAPTER 6 General conclusion
6.1 Plant growth characteristics
6.2 Al concentration in roots
6.3 Alteration in cell wall components
6.4 Distribution of HG epitopes
6.5 Efficient antioxidant system
6.6 Oxidative stress and root injuries
6.7 Current issues and future directions
Reference
Major Achievements during PhD
Achievements/Awards
Acknowledgement
【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]赣南脐橙叶片黄化及施硼效应研究[J]. 姜存仓,王运华,刘桂东,夏颖,彭抒昂,钟八莲,曾庆銮. 植物营养与肥料学报. 2009(03)
本文编号：3181428
【文章来源】：华中农业大学湖北省 211工程院校 教育部直属院校
【文章页数】：122 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
摘要
Abstract
CHAPTER 1 Introduction
1.1 Acid soils and aluminum toxicity
1.1.1 Acid soils and distribution of acid soils
1.1.2 Occurrence of aluminum
1.2 Symptoms of A1 toxicity
1.2.1 Root growth inhibition
1.2.2 Alterations in the cell wall structure
1.2.3 Induction of callose
1.2.4 Plasma membrane damages
1.2.5 Nutritional imbalance
1.2.6 Oxidative stress
1.3 Measures of alleviating Al toxicity
1.3.1 Importance of B
1.3.2 Role of B in the cell wall
1.3.3 RG-Ⅱ borate complexes in the primary cell wall
1.3.4 Bio-synthesis of pectic wall polymers (pectin methyltransferase)
1.3.5 B induced alleviation of Al toxicity
1.3.6 B induced regulation of apoplastic binding of Al and root injury
1.3.7 B induced activation of antioxidant defense system
1.4 Trifoliate orange
1.5 Research objectives
CHAPTER 2 Boron alleviates aluminum toxicity in trifoliate seedling by regulatingantioxidant defense system and reducing root cell injury
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Objective
2.3 Materials and methods
2.3.1 Plant material and growth conditions
2.3.2 Experimental treatments
2.3.3 Leaf gas exchange parameters and root length measurement
2.3.4 FDA-PI double staining, hematoxylin and morin staining
2.3.5 Antioxidant enzyme assay, and determination of MDA, H_2O_2 content
2.3.6 Assay of phenylalanine ammonia lyase and polyphenol oxidase
2.3.7 Measurement of total soluble proteins and free proline contents
2.3.8 Determination of B and A1 concentrations
2.3.9 Statistical analysis
2.4 Results
2.4.1 Effect of B on the plant growth parameters under Al toxicity
2.4.2 Influence of B on leaf gas exchange parameters under Al toxicity
2.4.3 FDA-PI double staining, hematoxylin and morin staining
2.4.4 Effect of B on the total soluble protein, proline, MDA, H_2O_2 contents andantioxidant enzymes activities under Al toxicity
2.4.5 Effect of B on the PAL and PPO contents under Al toxicity
2.4.6 B and Al concentration in plant parts
2.5 Discussion
2.6 Conclusion
CHAPTER 3 Boron reduces aluminum-induced growth inhibition and oxidativedamages in roots of trifoliate seedling
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Objectives
3.3 Materials and methods
3.3.1 Plant material
3.3.2 Growth conditions
3.3.3 Experimental treatments
3.3.4 Measurement of root growth and dry biomass
3.3.5 Extraction of cell wall
3.3.6 Quantification of total B and A1 concentrations
3.3.7 Assessment of plasma membrane (PM) integrity and electrolyte leakage in roots
3.3.8 Measurement of reactive oxygen species, and malondialdehyde contents
3.3.9 Statistical analysis
3.4 Results
3.4.1 Effect of B on root growth, dry weight, and visible symptoms of A1 toxicity
3.4.2 B and A1 distribution in roots and root cell wall
3.4.3 Influence of B on ROS levels in roots under A1 stress
3.4.4 Influence of B and Al on the MDA contents and root electrolyte leakage
3.5 Discussion
3.6 Conclusion
CHAPTER 4 Boron increases root growth by reducing aluminum-induced disorganizeddistribution of HG epitopes and alterations in the subcellular cell wall structure oftrifoliate orange roots
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Objectives
4.3 Material and methods
4.3.1 Plant materials and growth conditions
4.3.2 Experimental treatments
4.3.3 Extraction of cell wall
4.3.4 Determination of B and Al concentrations
4.3.5 Lumogallion staining and confocal microscopy
4.3.6 Immunolabelling of low and high-methyl esterified pectin epitope
4.3.7 Transmission electron microscopy of roots
4.3.8 FTIR sample preparation and analysis
4.3.9 Statistical analysis
4.4 Results
4.4.1 Root growth response to Al toxicity
4.4.2 Localization of A1 with lumogallion staining
4.4.3 Transmission electron microscope of roots
4.4.4 Effect of A1 toxicity on JIM5 and JIM7 homogalacturonan epitopes
4.4.5 FT-IR analysis of root cell wall
4.5 Discussion
4.6 Conclusion
CHAPTER 5 Boron supply maintains efficient antioxidant system, cell wall componentsand reduces aluminum concentration in roots of trifoliate orange
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Objectives
5.3 Materials and methods
5.3.1 Plant material and growth condition
5.3.2 Experimental treatments
5.3.3 Plant sampling and specimen preparation
5.3.4 Extraction of cell wall material
5.3.5 Quantification of Al and B in root apex and cell wall
5.3.6 Fractionation of cell wall components
5.3.7 Measurement of monoamine oxidase,xanthine,T-AOC,and VC concentrations
5.3.8 Histochemical analysis of callose deposition
5.3.9 Statistical analysis
5.4 Results
5.4.1 Effect of B on the root growth under A1 toxicity
5.4.2 Localization of A1 in the root tips through confocal laser microscope
5.4.3 Fractionation of Al
5.4.4 Cell wall components
5.4.5 Activities of monoamine oxidase, xanthine oxidase, vitamin C (VC) and totalantioxidant capability (T-AOC) in leaves
5.4.6 Effect of A1 on callose deposition
5.4.7 Principal component analysis
5.5 Discussion
5.6 Conclusion
CHAPTER 6 General conclusion
6.1 Plant growth characteristics
6.2 Al concentration in roots
6.3 Alteration in cell wall components
6.4 Distribution of HG epitopes
6.5 Efficient antioxidant system
6.6 Oxidative stress and root injuries
6.7 Current issues and future directions
Reference
Major Achievements during PhD
Achievements/Awards
Acknowledgement
【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]赣南脐橙叶片黄化及施硼效应研究[J]. 姜存仓,王运华,刘桂东,夏颖,彭抒昂,钟八莲,曾庆銮. 植物营养与肥料学报. 2009(03)
本文编号：3181428
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