长期秸秆还田和化肥施用配合对小麦和玉米田土壤有机碳储量和碳足迹的影响
发布时间：2021-08-08 18:55
土壤碳库是全球所有陆地生态系统中的最大碳库,土壤有机碳库（SOC）是其中最重要的碳库之一。由于全球变暖在加速,因而SOC储量的动态变化及土壤在长期累积和固持大气CO2中所发挥的巨大作用愈加受到人们关注。虽然农业土壤中SOC储量仅占全球土壤碳库的10%左右,但农业土壤中SOC固持对于农田肥力提升、作物生产力可持续性和气候变化缓解具有至关重要的作用。大量研究发现,农田SOC固持除受种植制度、耕作方法等影响外,还受肥料施用、作物残茬管理等养分管理措施的强烈影响。目前我国北方平原地区粮食生产中有机肥施用越来越少,该地区水热条件优越有利于秸秆腐解,因而秸秆还田已成为这些地区粮食种植体系尤其是冬小麦夏玉米一年二熟轮作体系（麦玉轮作体系）中普遍实行的主导性作物残体管理措施。然而,不适当的秸秆还田与施肥相配合措施会增加温室气体排放,减少SOC固存并增加碳足迹（CFP）,影响土壤肥力改善和加剧气候变化;同时增加旱地SOC储量一直是一种巨大挑战,而且关于秸秆长期还田对SOC固持效应的研究结果存在的争议也有待人们不断去阐明。鉴于此,本文主要围绕长期秸秆还田与化肥尤其是氮肥施用相配合措施...
【文章来源】：西北农林科技大学陕西省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直属院校
【文章页数】：161 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
1.Introduction and Review of Literature
1.1 Research Background
1.2 Review of Literature
1.2.1 Soil organic carbon and sequestration rate
1.2.2 Agriculture and GHG emissions
1.3 Summary
2.Research Contents and Ideas
2.1 Background
2.2 Research Contents
2.3 Technical route
3.Effects of Long-term Straw Return on Soil Organic Carbon Storage and Sequestration Rate in North China Upland Crops:a Meta-analysis
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Materials and Methods
3.2.1 Data collection
3.2.2 Data analysis
3.2.3 Meta-analysis
3.2.4 Statistical analysis
3.3 Results
3.3.1 Crop yields in different cropping systems
3.3.2 Response ratios of SOC stocks under different fertilizer treatments
3.3.3 Response ratios of SOC stocks in different soil types
3.3.4 SOC stock response in different cropping systems
3.3.5 Effect of experiment durations on SOC stocks
3.3.6 Relationships between SOC sequestration rates and annual C inputs from straw
3.4 Discussion
3.4.1 Straw and fertilizer management effects on SOC stocks
3.4.2 Response ratios of SOC stocks in different soil types
3.4.3 Crop rotation systems,SOC stocks,and crop yields
3.4.4 SOC stock responses and experimental durations
3.5 Summary
4.Effect of Different Long-term Straw Return Modes on Soil Organic Carbon Contents and Carbon Footprint in Annual Wheat–Maize Rotation System
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Materials and Methods
4.2.1 Study site
4.2.2 Experimental design
4.2.3 Data collection
4.2.4 Measurement of crop biomass and yield and estimation of cumulative plant-derived carbon input
4.2.5 Soil organic carbon storage and sequestration rate
4.2.6 Calculation of CFP and the system boundary
4.2.7 Statistical analysis
4.3 Results
4.3.1 Plant-derived C input, ΔSOC,and SOC sequestration rate
4.3.2 GHG emissions from different agricultural inputs
4.3.3 Effects of different long-term straw-return modes on grain yield and CFP
4.4 Discussion
4.4.1 SOC sequestration potential of different straw-return modes
4.4.2 Effect of straw return management and seasonal differences on GHG emissions
4.4.3 Crop yield and carbon footprint
4.4.4 Implications of different straw management strategies at the regional scale
4.5 Summary
5.Long-term Effect of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates on Soil Organic Carbon Storage and Carbon Footprint in Annual Wheat–Maize Rotation System
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Materials and Methods
5.2.1 Study site
5.2.2 Experimental design
5.2.3 Data collection
5.2.4 Crop biomass,yield measurement and cumulative plant-derived carbon input estimation
5.2.5 Soil organic carbon stock and sequestration rate
5.2.6 Calculation of carbon footprint and the system boundary
5.2.7 Statistical analysis
5.3 Results
5.3.1 Plant-derived C input and SOC change
5.3.2 GHG emissions from different N-fertilizer rates
5.3.3 Effect of different N-fertilizer rates on grain yield and CFP
5.4 Discussion
5.4.1 N input rate and SOC sequestration potential
5.4.2 N fertilizer contribution on GHGs emission
5.4.3 N fertilizer effect on grain yield and CFP
5.5 Summary
6.Comprehensive Discussions,Main Conclusions,Innovations and Research Perspectives
6.1 Comprehensive discussions
6.2 Main conclusions
6.3 Innovative points of the study
6.4 Study perspectives
References
Appendices
Acknowledgements
Self-introduction(简介)
【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]长期施肥对黄壤有机碳平衡及玉米产量的影响[J]. 张雅蓉,李渝,刘彦伶,张文安,蒋太明. 土壤学报. 2016(05)
[2]Determination of optimum nitrogen application rates in Zhejiang Province, China, based on rice yields and ecological security[J]. LI Yan,CHEN Yi,WU Chun-yan,TANG Xu,JI Xiao-jiang. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2015(12)
[3]中国农田管理土壤碳汇估算[J]. 金琳,李玉娥,高清竹,刘运通,万运帆,秦晓波,石锋. 中国农业科学. 2008(03)
[4]长期定量施肥对土壤有机碳储量和土壤呼吸影响[J]. 孟磊,丁维新,蔡祖聪,钦绳武. 地球科学进展. 2005(06)
[5]Ammonia Volatilization and Denitrilfication Losses from an Irrigated Maize-Wheat Rotation Field in the North China Plain[J]. R.EDIS. Pedosphere. 2004(04)
[6]生物有机肥对作物生长、土壤肥力及产量的效应研究[J]. 王立刚,李维炯,邱建军,马永良,王迎春. 土壤肥料. 2004(05)
本文编号：3330498
【文章来源】：西北农林科技大学陕西省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直属院校
【文章页数】：161 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
1.Introduction and Review of Literature
1.1 Research Background
1.2 Review of Literature
1.2.1 Soil organic carbon and sequestration rate
1.2.2 Agriculture and GHG emissions
1.3 Summary
2.Research Contents and Ideas
2.1 Background
2.2 Research Contents
2.3 Technical route
3.Effects of Long-term Straw Return on Soil Organic Carbon Storage and Sequestration Rate in North China Upland Crops:a Meta-analysis
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Materials and Methods
3.2.1 Data collection
3.2.2 Data analysis
3.2.3 Meta-analysis
3.2.4 Statistical analysis
3.3 Results
3.3.1 Crop yields in different cropping systems
3.3.2 Response ratios of SOC stocks under different fertilizer treatments
3.3.3 Response ratios of SOC stocks in different soil types
3.3.4 SOC stock response in different cropping systems
3.3.5 Effect of experiment durations on SOC stocks
3.3.6 Relationships between SOC sequestration rates and annual C inputs from straw
3.4 Discussion
3.4.1 Straw and fertilizer management effects on SOC stocks
3.4.2 Response ratios of SOC stocks in different soil types
3.4.3 Crop rotation systems,SOC stocks,and crop yields
3.4.4 SOC stock responses and experimental durations
3.5 Summary
4.Effect of Different Long-term Straw Return Modes on Soil Organic Carbon Contents and Carbon Footprint in Annual Wheat–Maize Rotation System
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Materials and Methods
4.2.1 Study site
4.2.2 Experimental design
4.2.3 Data collection
4.2.4 Measurement of crop biomass and yield and estimation of cumulative plant-derived carbon input
4.2.5 Soil organic carbon storage and sequestration rate
4.2.6 Calculation of CFP and the system boundary
4.2.7 Statistical analysis
4.3 Results
4.3.1 Plant-derived C input, ΔSOC,and SOC sequestration rate
4.3.2 GHG emissions from different agricultural inputs
4.3.3 Effects of different long-term straw-return modes on grain yield and CFP
4.4 Discussion
4.4.1 SOC sequestration potential of different straw-return modes
4.4.2 Effect of straw return management and seasonal differences on GHG emissions
4.4.3 Crop yield and carbon footprint
4.4.4 Implications of different straw management strategies at the regional scale
4.5 Summary
5.Long-term Effect of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates on Soil Organic Carbon Storage and Carbon Footprint in Annual Wheat–Maize Rotation System
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Materials and Methods
5.2.1 Study site
5.2.2 Experimental design
5.2.3 Data collection
5.2.4 Crop biomass,yield measurement and cumulative plant-derived carbon input estimation
5.2.5 Soil organic carbon stock and sequestration rate
5.2.6 Calculation of carbon footprint and the system boundary
5.2.7 Statistical analysis
5.3 Results
5.3.1 Plant-derived C input and SOC change
5.3.2 GHG emissions from different N-fertilizer rates
5.3.3 Effect of different N-fertilizer rates on grain yield and CFP
5.4 Discussion
5.4.1 N input rate and SOC sequestration potential
5.4.2 N fertilizer contribution on GHGs emission
5.4.3 N fertilizer effect on grain yield and CFP
5.5 Summary
6.Comprehensive Discussions,Main Conclusions,Innovations and Research Perspectives
6.1 Comprehensive discussions
6.2 Main conclusions
6.3 Innovative points of the study
6.4 Study perspectives
References
Appendices
Acknowledgements
Self-introduction(简介)
【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]长期施肥对黄壤有机碳平衡及玉米产量的影响[J]. 张雅蓉,李渝,刘彦伶,张文安,蒋太明. 土壤学报. 2016(05)
[2]Determination of optimum nitrogen application rates in Zhejiang Province, China, based on rice yields and ecological security[J]. LI Yan,CHEN Yi,WU Chun-yan,TANG Xu,JI Xiao-jiang. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2015(12)
[3]中国农田管理土壤碳汇估算[J]. 金琳,李玉娥,高清竹,刘运通,万运帆,秦晓波,石锋. 中国农业科学. 2008(03)
[4]长期定量施肥对土壤有机碳储量和土壤呼吸影响[J]. 孟磊,丁维新,蔡祖聪,钦绳武. 地球科学进展. 2005(06)
[5]Ammonia Volatilization and Denitrilfication Losses from an Irrigated Maize-Wheat Rotation Field in the North China Plain[J]. R.EDIS. Pedosphere. 2004(04)
[6]生物有机肥对作物生长、土壤肥力及产量的效应研究[J]. 王立刚,李维炯,邱建军,马永良,王迎春. 土壤肥料. 2004(05)
本文编号：3330498
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