渭北旱塬地区农业与极端降水的耦合特征研究

发布时间：2025-05-12 20:10

　　降水特征频率的研究对指导区域农业规划、水利工程设计和抗旱防洪具有重要意义。渭北旱塬北部常发生旱涝灾害,影响了该地区冬小麦的正常生长和最终产量。尤其是偶发的暴雨性降水造成的涝灾是仅次于干旱的农业灾害。本文选取渭北旱塬29个气象站点,从1981～2012年的日降水资料,采用皮尔逊Ⅲ型曲线,分析了5%、50%、95%三个不同频率的年降水量分布特征,在此基础上,计算和确定了5%、10%、20%三个频率下,相对于冬小麦全生育期需水量和7个生育阶段需水量的降水超出量和缺水量。研究结果表明,渭北旱塬地区由东北向西南,年降水量逐渐增加。宝鸡地区年降水量最高,渭北旱塬西北地区最低。在小麦生长全生育期,5%的频率下,整个七个生长阶段的雨量过剩只发生在长武,过剩值25至60mm,而在频率10%和20%,各县区的冬小麦生长都发生缺水;此外,冬小麦的7个生育期的降水量与需水量相比,降水过多主要发生在第一阶段(播种至分蘖)、第二阶段(分蘖至越冬)和第七阶段(开花至成熟)。尤其在第七阶段,长武、彬县、千阳、凤翔、宝鸡区、宝鸡县等地都出现了可造成涝灾的大量的特大降水。而在低频率极端降水发生的条件下,缺水仍频频发生在第三...

【文章页数】：71 页

【学位级别】：硕士

【文章目录】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER1 INTRODUCTION
    1.1 Research background and significance
    1.2 Research objective
    1.3 Research scheme and Framework
    1.4 Scope and limitation of the study
    1.5 Research Contents
CHAPTER2 LITERATURE REVIEWS
    2.1 Ordinary Kriging interpolation
    2.2 Curve fitting method
    2.3 Review on Water needs of Winter wheat crop
    2.4 Review on relation between precipitation and agriculture
CHAPTER3 MATERIALS AND METHODS
    3.1 Study area
    3.2 Data collection
        3.2.1 Precipitation data
        3.2.2 Crop water needs of winter wheat
    3.3 Methodology
        3.3.1 Curve fitting method
        3.3.2 Empirical frequency computation of sample series
        3.3.3 Ordinary kriging interpolation method
CHAPTER4 COUPLING CHARACTERISTIC OF EXTREME RAINFALL WITH CROP WATER NEEDS IN FULL GROWING PERIOD OF WINTER WHEAT IN NORTHERN WEIHE LOESS PLATEAU
    4.1 Distribution characteristics of annual precipitation of different frequencies at5%,50%,and95%
    4.2 Excess and shortage rainfall of full growing period
    4.3 Discussion
CHAPTER5 COUPLING CHARACTERISTICS OF EXTREME RAINFALLWITH CROP WATER NEEDS IN DIFFERENT GROWING STAGES OF WINTER WHEAT IN NORTHERN WEIHE LOESS PLATEAU
    5.1 Excess and shortage rainfall of Sowing to Tillering stage
    5.2 Excess and shortage rainfall of Tillering to Wintering stage
    5.3 Excess and shortage rainfall of Wintering to Greening stage
    5.4 Excess and shortage rainfall of Greening to Jointing stage
    5.5 Excess and shortage rainfall of Jointing to Heading stage
    5.6 Excess and shortage rainfall of Heading to Flowering stage
    5.7 Excess and shortage rainfall of Flowering to Ripening stage
    5.8 Discussion
CHAPTER6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
    6.1 Conclusions
    6.2 Recommendation
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY



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