电梯的安全评价方法研究

发布时间：2018-01-14 11:21

本文关键词：电梯的安全评价方法研究　出处：《东北大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：社会的不断发展改变了人们的生活,电梯作为一种现代化的代步公共设施,越来越多地出现在办公楼、商场、住宅楼、酒店等公共场所。在为人们提供极大方便和快捷服务的同时,也时常造成麻烦和伤害。各类电梯事故如冲顶、蹲底、溜车等事故屡有发生。据有关数据显示,今后的几年会是电梯事故的高发期,电梯的安全问题俨然已成为一个不容忽视的社会问题。因此,开展电梯的安全评价方法研究不仅可以保障人们的生活质量、提高生产效益,而且对新技术的发展和特种设备的安全管理具有十分重要的意义。目前在电梯行业,我国研究、应用电梯安全评价技术方面尚处于起步阶段,理论研究甚是不足。通过研究与电梯相关的法规和标准、汲取专家经验、总结电梯安全事故,建立电梯安全的基本要求,对比几种安全评价方法在电梯中的应用,完善电梯安全评价方法体系。本文结合相关数据和资料,在对比和总结国内外各种安全评价方法的基础上,做了以下几个方面工作：1)通过对电梯系统的结构分析,在传统电梯八大系统的基础上,增加第九系统“电梯的建筑系统”,并把电梯的建筑系统融入到电梯的安全评价中；2)分析总结多种安全评价方法的优缺点和适用条件,对电梯主要安全保护装置采用方便快捷的安全检查表法,及时发现防护装置存在的危险。针对电梯常见的剪切事故绘制事故树层层分析原因,找出导致剪切事故的途径和防范措施；3)采用层次分析对电梯运行进行安全评价时,针对层次分析法判断矩阵复杂难求的难题,通过编制程序实现特征值、特征向量和一致性检验；4)利用Matlab神经网络工具箱对电梯进行安全评价,并综合了层次分析和神经网络对电梯进行安全评价,提高了神经网络评价的精度和速度；5)运用事故树软件分析了电梯井道的三类事故即溜车、蹲底和冲顶事故,运用层次分析软件(AHP)对实例电梯的安全状况进行评价,结果与实际相符。实际应用证明本文提出的方法简单、方便、经济、有效。方法的推广应用有助于我国电梯安全技术水平的提高,也为政府管理和决策部门提供技术支持。
[Abstract]:The continuous development of society has changed people's lives, elevator as a modern public facilities, more and more appear in office buildings, shopping malls, residential buildings. Hotel and other public places. In order to provide people with great convenience and rapid services, but also often cause trouble and injury. All kinds of elevator accidents such as roof, squat, car, and other accidents have occurred frequently. According to relevant data show. The next few years will be the high incidence of elevator accidents, elevator safety has become a social problem that can not be ignored. Therefore, the study of elevator safety evaluation method can not only ensure the quality of life. It is very important for the development of new technology and the safety management of special equipment. At present, the research and application of elevator safety evaluation technology in the elevator industry in China is still in its infancy. The theoretical study is very inadequate. Through the study of the elevator related laws and standards, learn from the experience of experts, summed up elevator safety accidents, establish the basic requirements of elevator safety. Compare the application of several safety evaluation methods in elevators, improve the elevator safety evaluation method system. This paper combined with relevant data and data, on the basis of comparing and summarizing various safety evaluation methods at home and abroad. By analyzing the structure of elevator system, we add 9th system "building system of elevator" on the basis of traditional elevator system. And the elevator building system into the elevator safety evaluation; 2) analyzing and summarizing the advantages and disadvantages and applicable conditions of various safety evaluation methods, adopting the convenient and quick safety check table method to the main safety protection device of elevator. To find out the danger of the protective device in time. To draw the accident tree layer by layer analysis reason for the common shear accident of the elevator, to find out the way to cause the shearing accident and the preventive measures; 3) when the elevator operation is evaluated by AHP, the eigenvalue, eigenvector and consistency can be tested by programming, aiming at the complex and difficult problem of AHP judgment matrix. 4) using the Matlab neural network toolbox to evaluate the elevator safety, and synthesizing the AHP and the neural network to evaluate the elevator safety, which improves the accuracy and speed of the neural network evaluation; 5) the accident tree software is used to analyze the three kinds of accidents of elevator shaft, that is, car running, squatting and topping, and the safety status of elevator is evaluated by using the analytic hierarchy process software (AHP). The results are consistent with the practice. The practical application proves that the method proposed in this paper is simple, convenient, economical and effective. The popularization and application of the method is helpful to improve the technical level of elevator safety in our country. It also provides technical support for government management and decision-making departments.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU857

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