多层房屋结构优化设计的探索

发布时间：2018-03-14 02:10

本文选题：多层房屋　切入点：结构设计　出处：《河北工程大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着国家加大对新农村建设的投入,很多乡镇的多层房屋都在大规模的建设着。这些政府投资建设的多层房屋有的是住宅,还有的是办公楼或者学校类的建筑物。多层房屋主要有砌体结构和框架结构两种形式,其中砌体结构的造价较低而框架结构多用于跨度较大的房屋,用于特殊功能的需要。我国的住宅建设发展很快,但成本太高,代价太大。与发达国家相比,我国住宅钢材的消耗高10%至25%,这个数据再乘以总量是一个很庞大的数据。建筑物的造价与质量是同时要考虑的问题。多层房屋和高层建筑物相比,单方造价都比较小,但是积少成多,如果能够做到每项工程都既实用又省材将是一个很有意义的事情,能够给国家减少一定的资金投入。这就要求我们设计人员在设计过程中做到优化设计,因此结构优化设计要予以重视。针对现实中的以上问题,本文对多层房屋的结构优化设计问题进行了探索性分析。本文中首先是介绍了我国多层房屋的特点及发展状况,提出了结构优化设计的必要性。其次分别论述了多层房屋结构优化设计与成本控制的概念和两者之间的的关系,得出优化结构设计能够降低成本这个重要结论。然后文中重点论述了砌体和框架两种结构形式的内容及特点,进而分别引入工程实例对其进行优化分析,并且对优化前后工程的含钢量进行统计和对比分析,得到优化措施。工程实例列入了PKPM结构设计软件的建模以及计算过程,具有很强的实践性。最后通过优化前后含钢量的统计比较得出探索性的优化思路。总之,多层房屋的结构优化设计是必要而且必须的。
[Abstract]:In recent years, as the state has increased its investment in the construction of new rural areas, many townships and townships are building multi-storey houses on a large scale. There are also buildings such as office buildings or schools. There are two main types of multistory buildings: masonry structure and frame structure. The cost of masonry structure is relatively low and the frame structure is mostly used for houses with large span. The housing construction in our country develops rapidly, but the cost is too high and the cost is too high. Compared with the developed countries, the consumption of residential steel in our country is 10% to 25 percent higher, and this data multiplied by the total amount is a very big data. The cost and quality of buildings should be considered at the same time. Compared with high-rise buildings, the cost of multi-storey buildings is relatively small, but a small sum becomes more. If we can make every project practical and material efficient, it will be a very meaningful thing, and it will reduce the investment to the country, which requires us designers to optimize the design in the design process. Therefore, structural optimization design should be paid attention to. In view of the above problems in reality, this paper makes an exploratory analysis on the structural optimization design of multistory buildings. The first part of this paper is to introduce the characteristics and development of multi-storey buildings in China. The necessity of structural optimization design is put forward. Secondly, the concept of multi-storey building structure optimization design and cost control and the relationship between them are discussed respectively. It is concluded that the optimization of structure design can reduce the cost. Then, the content and characteristics of masonry and frame structure are discussed, and then engineering examples are introduced to optimize the structure. The steel content of the engineering before and after optimization is statistically analyzed and compared, and the optimization measures are obtained. The engineering examples are included in the modeling and calculation process of the PKPM structural design software. Finally, through the statistical comparison of the steel content before and after optimization, the exploratory optimization ideas are obtained. In short, the structural optimization design of multi-storey buildings is necessary and necessary.
【学位授予单位】：河北工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU318

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