杭州市景观格局及动态变化研究

发布时间：2018-08-11 16:26

【摘要】：目前,世界正在经历着前所未有的城市化浪潮。《2012中国新型城市化报告》显示,2011年的中国内地城市化率已达到了51.3%,中国城镇人口首次超过农村人口,中国城市化进入了关键发展阶段。城市化推动了社会经济发展的同时也带来了诸如水环境恶化、空气污染蔓延、生物多样性减少等一系列生态环境问题。城市景观的空间演变,正是产生这些问题的原因之一。景观生态学以其独特的方法和理论视角,成为应对生态环境问题的重要研究手段。本文以杭州市城区(2001年之后的行政区划)为研究对象,以景观生态学及其他相关理论为依据,在地理信息技术的支撑下,利用遥感影像数据及其他相关数据资料,首先通过Erdas9.0软件提取了杭州市城区景观格局信息。然后,运用Arcgis9.3、Fragstas3.3软件的空间分析统计功能,计算并分析了杭州市城区景观格局指数及其变化特征。最后,结合杭州市的人文社会经济指标,运用主成分分析方法,对杭州市景观格局演变的驱动机制进行了分析,得出有一定参考价值的结论。本文的研究成果对于指导杭州市各级规划、管理部门的实践,实现杭州市城市的可持续发展与生态城市建设,具有重要的理论与现实意义。论文的主要工作概括如下： 1.杭州市城市景观格局类型信息提取。以1984年、1991年、2000年和2008年四个时相的遥感影像数据作为主要数据源,在Erdas9.0、ArcGIS9.3软件支持下,对遥感影像进行了几何校正、影像裁剪、波段优化组合等工作。在此基础上,通过建立景观分类系统及解译标准,采用监督分类方法,分别对四期遥感影像进行了信息分类提取和精度检验的实验,获得了杭州市城市景观格局类型信息。 2.杭州市景观格局指数研究的最佳尺度确定。以经过目视修改后的2000年杭州市土地利用矢量数据为例,在ArcGIS9.3中分别将栅格单元设为30、60、90、120、150、180、210、240(单位：m),在Fragstats中,分别对不同尺度下的8个指数进行分析对比后,最终选取60m为研究尺度。 3.杭州市景观格局指数计算与分析。分别将经过目视纠正的四期遥感影像(shp格式)导入ArcGIS9.3中,计算得到1984年-2008年杭州市各景观类型的CA及PLAND值,并将四期遥感影像通过conversion模块转化为ArcGrid格网格式,得到四期景观分类图,栅格单元赋值选取60m。然后,分别将1991年、2000年、2008年遥感影像(Arcgird格式)加载到Fragstats3.3中,计算获得杭州市各景观类型的其他景观格局指数。并分别从景观类型水平和景观水平,对杭州市景观格局及演变进行了分析。同时,也对不同时期杭州市不同景观类型的转化进行了分析。 4.杭州市景观格局演变驱动机制分析。选取年末总人口(万人)、GDP(亿元)、第一产业占GDP比重、单位面积机耕面积(公顷／千公顷)等12个因子,采用主成分分析法对杭州市景观格局演变的驱动力进行了分析,结果表明在人口、经济、农业技术、城市基建和政策等因子的作用下,杭州市景观格局发生了较大的改变。结合景观格局优化原则及相关资料提出杭州市景观格局优化的建议。
[Abstract]:At present, the world is experiencing an unprecedented wave of urbanization. shows that the urbanization rate in mainland China has reached 51.3% in 2011, the urban population of China exceeds the rural population for the first time, and China's urbanization has entered a critical stage of development. The spatial evolution of urban landscape is one of the reasons for these problems. Landscape ecology, with its unique methods and theoretical perspectives, has become an important research tool for dealing with ecological environment problems.
Based on landscape ecology and other related theories, supported by geographic information technology, using remote sensing image data and other related data, this paper firstly extracts the landscape pattern information of Hangzhou urban area by Erdas 9.0 software, and then uses Arcgis 9.3, Fr. The spatial analysis and statistical function of agstas 3.3 software is used to calculate and analyze the landscape pattern index and its changing characteristics of Hangzhou city. Finally, the driving mechanism of landscape pattern evolution in Hangzhou city is analyzed by principal component analysis combined with the humanistic and social economic index of Hangzhou city, and some valuable conclusions are drawn. The research results have important theoretical and practical significance for guiding the practice of Hangzhou's planning and management departments at all levels and realizing the sustainable development and ecological city construction of Hangzhou.
The main tasks of the paper are summarized as follows:
1. Extraction of urban landscape pattern information in Hangzhou. With the remote sensing image data of 1984, 1991, 2000 and 2008 as the main data source, supported by Erdas 9.0 and ArcGIS 9.3 software, the geometric correction, image clipping and band optimization of remote sensing image were carried out. On this basis, landscape classification system was established. Based on the unified interpretation criteria and the supervised classification method, the information classification extraction and precision test of four remote sensing images were carried out, and the type information of urban landscape pattern in Hangzhou was obtained.
2. Determining the best scale of landscape pattern index in Hangzhou. Taking the land use vector data of Hangzhou in 2000 as an example, the grid units are set at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240 (m) in ArcGIS 9. Take 60m as the research scale.
3. Calculation and analysis of landscape pattern index in Hangzhou. Four stages of remote sensing images (shp format) were imported into ArcGIS 9.3. The values of CA and PLAND of various landscape types in Hangzhou from 1984 to 2008 were calculated. The four stages of remote sensing images were transformed into ArcGrid grid by conversion module, and the four stages of landscape classification maps were obtained. Then, the remote sensing images (Arcgird format) in 1991, 2000 and 2008 were loaded into Fragstats 3.3 to calculate other landscape pattern indices of various landscape types in Hangzhou. The landscape pattern and evolution of Hangzhou were analyzed from landscape type level and landscape level respectively. The transformation of different landscape types in Hangzhou was analyzed.
4. The driving forces of landscape pattern evolution in Hangzhou were analyzed by principal component analysis. The results showed that the driving forces of landscape pattern evolution in Hangzhou were population, economy and agricultural technology. Landscape pattern of Hangzhou has changed greatly under the influence of urban infrastructure and policies. Suggestions on Landscape Pattern Optimization of Hangzhou are put forward in combination with the principles of landscape pattern optimization and relevant information.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU984.2;P901

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