衢州市观赏性芳香植物园林应用调查研究

发布时间：2018-08-11 18:39

【摘要】：随着社会文明的发展，人们越来越重视城市的园林绿化环境，，传统的园林植物树种和园林绿地形式已经不能满足人们的审美需求和健康需求。观赏性芳香植物姿态优美、香气怡人、风韵独特，兼具生态、保健、文化等功能，开始受到园林设计者的青睐，北京、上海等发达城市已经开始了观赏性芳香植物园林应用的理论研究和实践探讨。衢州市以自然条件和生态环境优势而闻名，近几年城市绿地面积不断增加，城市绿化率已高达41.6%。但是，衢州市园林绿地仅做到了绿化、美化，存在园林绿地形式单一，绿地保健功能缺乏等问题。通过开展衢州市观赏性芳香植物园林应用调查，摸清城市园林绿地观赏性芳香植物的种类和应用状况，分析总结其园林应用的优缺点，为完善衢州城市园林景观环境和绿地功能提供有益参考。本文在相关理论研究的基础上，实地调研了衢州市市区各种绿地共94处，能代表衢州市整体园林绿化状况，包括公园、道路、居住区、企事业附属绿地、景点等不同形式的绿地类型。调查记录了各个绿地观赏性芳香植物的种类、花期、香味来源、观赏特性、生长适应情况、管理养护、园林用途、芳香绿化效果等实际情况。调查结果表明：在衢州城市园林绿化中，所用观赏性芳香植物共26科46属64种，占园林植物应用种类总数的22%。其中，公园绿地应用的观赏性芳香植物种类最多，其次是校园绿地，而广场绿地应用最少。应用的观赏性芳香植物中，芳香乔木所占比例最大，芳香藤本和芳香草本应用较少。绿地多偏重于常绿芳香植物造景，以香花类型为主，花色集中为白色、淡黄、粉红。应用较多的观赏性芳香植物为香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)、桂花(Osmanthus fragrans)、紫薇(Lagerstroemia indica)、圆柏(Sabina chinensis)、海桐(Pittosporaceaepittosporum)、小叶女贞(ligustrum quihoui)和含笑(Michelia figo)。园林绿地芳香景观色彩单调，种类单一，季相特征不够明显，嗅觉景观营建不够合理。园林应用形式缺少变化，景观雷同性较高，绿化养护管理不足。针对这些调查结果，本文提出了衢州市观赏性芳香植物的园林应用建议。包括推荐适合衢州园林应用的观赏性芳香植物种类，例如国槐(Sophora japonica)、枇杷(Eribotrya japonica)、紫苏(Perilla frutescens)、金银花(Lonicera japonica)等；推荐若干观赏性芳香植物的园林配置方式和园林应用形式，例如花坛花境、墙壁及柱体垂直绿化的运用，芳香植物专类园、夜花园、芳香生态观光园等应用形式的建议；最后提出了衢州市观赏性芳香植物应用的相关优化策略，如重视园林生态效应、发挥绿地保健功能、加强嗅觉感官的园林景观建设地位、突出历史人文特色、加强园林绿地养护管理等。
[Abstract]:With the development of social civilization, people pay more and more attention to the urban landscape environment. The traditional garden plant species and garden green space form can not meet the aesthetic and health needs of people. Ornamental aromatic plants with beautiful posture, pleasant aroma, unique charm, ecological, health care, cultural and other functions, began to be favored by garden designers, Beijing, Shanghai and other developed cities have begun to explore the theory and practice of ornamental aromatic plant garden application. Quzhou is famous for its natural conditions and ecological environmental advantages. In recent years, the area of urban green space has been increasing, and the urban green rate has reached 41.6. However, the garden green space in Quzhou has only been afforested and beautified, and there are some problems such as the single form of garden green space and the lack of health care function of green space. By investigating the application of ornamental aromatic plants in Quzhou City, the species and application of ornamental aromatic plants in urban green space were investigated, and their advantages and disadvantages were analyzed and summarized. It provides a useful reference for improving the landscape environment and green space function in Quzhou. On the basis of relevant theoretical research, this paper has investigated 94 green spaces in Quzhou City, which can represent the overall landscaping situation in Quzhou City, including parks, roads, residential areas, enterprises and institutions affiliated green space. Scenic spots and other different forms of green space type. The species, flowering period, aroma source, ornamental characteristics, growth adaptation, management and conservation, garden use, aromatic greening effect of ornamental aromatic plants in each green space were investigated and recorded. The results showed that there were 64 species of ornamental aromatic plants belonging to 46 genera and 26 families in Quzhou, accounting for 22% of the total applied species of garden plants. Among them, park green space uses the most ornamental aromatic plant species, followed by campus green space, and square green space application is the least. Aromatic arbors account for the largest proportion of ornamental aromatic plants, while aromatic vines and aromatic herbs are less used. Green space more emphasis on evergreen aromatic plants landscape, the main type of fragrant flowers, flowers concentrated for white, yellowish, pink. More ornamental aromatic plants are (Cinnamomum camphora), Cinnamomum camphora, (Osmanthus fragrans), (Lagerstroemia indica), (Sabina chinensis), (Pittosporaceaepittosporum), leaves, privet (ligustrum quihoui) and smiling (Michelia figo). The aromatic landscape of garden green space is monotonous, the species is single, the seasonal feature is not obvious, and the construction of olfactory landscape is not reasonable. The landscape application form is lack of change, the landscape similarity is high, and the greening maintenance management is insufficient. In view of these investigation results, this paper puts forward some suggestions on the garden application of ornamental aromatic plants in Quzhou City. Including the recommendation of ornamental aromatic plants suitable for use in Quzhou gardens, such as (Sophora japonica), (Eribotrya japonica), (Perilla frutescens), honeysuckle, (Lonicera japonica), etc.; the garden configuration and application forms of several ornamental aromatic plants, such as flower beds and flower beds, are recommended. The use of vertical greening of walls and columns, the application form of aromatic plant garden, night garden, aromatic ecological sightseeing garden, etc. Finally, the optimization strategies of ornamental aromatic plant application in Quzhou are put forward, such as paying attention to the ecological effect of garden. Give play to the function of green space health care, strengthen the sense of smell landscape construction position, highlight the historical and humanistic characteristics, strengthen the management of garden green space maintenance and so on.
【学位授予单位】：福建农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU986;S68

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