一公里到一毫米—超尺度建构的设计与理论研究
发布时间：2019-01-10 14:37
【摘要】：工业化时代之后，以柯布西耶，建筑电讯派为代表的一批现代主义建筑师提出了各种超尺度建构的设想，其实质是对未来理想城市和理想建筑之可能性的探索。中国从二十世纪八九十年代开始的城市化进程，为理想城市和超尺度建构的实践探索提供了大量案例。然而，超大尺度的城市综合体，城市空间和超尺度建构的设计和建造究竟应怎样把握，仍然是使大多数建筑师困惑的难题。本文尝试通过对城市设计和超尺度建构发展的历史的研究，从实践案例和理论发展两条线索入手，探寻解决难题的可靠方法。 本文分析了超尺度建构具有的城市和建筑的双重属性，分析了影响和决定超尺度建构的社会竞争法则和自然技术法则的基本规律。通过对从古典时代的城市和建筑到中世纪古城和哥特式建筑，及至工业化时代城市的扩张和现代建筑的结构技术发展线索的观察，分析城市和超尺度建构的建造技术的历史发展线索；通过对现代主义建筑师和理论家对城市设计和超尺度建构的构想和实践案例的分析，及部分与超尺度建构比较相关的理想城市模式的探索成果的研究分析，本文提出了早期现代主义城市规划和超尺度建构的重大缺陷在于仅关注了其结构技术方面的模件化系统，而对城市空间的模件体系未有充分认识，因而也缺少庞大空间体系的有机秩序建构的有效手段。这是导致现代主义大尺度建构探索失败的主因。进一步地，本文通过对东西方城市和建筑的不同历史发展背景的观察，提出中国古代城市和建筑的有机模数和有机模件体系的思想方法在未来城市设计和超尺度建构设计中可以具备的重要作用。 鉴于超尺度建构的双重属性，本文研究分析了卡米洛·西特和凯文·林奇为代表的城市设计理论的发展，分析了城市环境认知的五要素理论。提出借鉴贡布里希从装饰艺术的秩序感研究所提出的秩序认知的五项规律：秩序的方向性，秩序的焦点与变化有关，秩序自动延续的默认，几何秩序的感知与力的传递规律有关，，秩序与时间有关。主张将其与有机模数的体系和认知地图五要素理论结合形成指导设计实践的有机秩序理论，从而达到指导城市设计和超尺度建构设计走向多样化和有机和谐的方向。 本文分上下篇。上篇是超尺度建构的历史和理论研究：以超尺度建构研究的视角入手，对城市和大尺度建筑的历史实践与理论发展进行了大致地梳理，研判其规律性和可资借鉴的系统理念。行文结构着重从城市和超尺度建构历史回顾入手，分析发展遵循的社会竞争和自然法则规律。同时将认知理论的五要素，模件体系的有机化和秩序感五个核心假说放在一起研究，探索其理论基础和结合指导实践的可能性。 下篇是以世博轴实际案例研判超尺度建构有机秩序理论应用的有效性：从作者本人主导的世博轴超尺度建构的设计和建造实践入手，分析了类似超尺度建构和城市设计面临的难点，展现了上述三种理论思维综合成为有机秩序理论用以指导实践的详细过程，也分析了计算机技术的应用对模件体系的有机化和多样化的重大意义。
[Abstract]:After the time of industrialization, a group of modernism architects represented by the construction telecommunication group put forward the idea of various super-scale construction, which is the exploration of the possibility of the ideal city and the ideal building in the future. The process of urbanization, which began in the 1980s and 1990s, has provided a large number of cases for the practical exploration of the ideal city and the super-scale construction. However, how to grasp the design and construction of large-scale urban complex, urban space and super-scale construction is still a difficult problem for most architects. In this paper, through the study of the history of the development of urban design and super-scale construction, this paper starts with the practice cases and the theoretical development of two clues, and tries to find a reliable way to solve the problem. In this paper, the double properties of the city and the building with the super-scale construction are analyzed, and the basic rules of the social competition law and the natural technical law that influence and decide the super-scale construction are analyzed. The historical development of the construction technology of urban and super-scale construction is analyzed through the observation of the development of the development of the structure and technology of the city and the architecture of the ancient times to the ancient city of the Middle Ages and the Gothic architecture and to the expansion of the city in the industrial era and the structure of the modern architecture. The study of the exploration results of the ideal city model, which is related to the super-scale construction and comparison, through the analysis of the concept and practice cases of the urban design and the super-scale construction of the modern architects and the theorists. In this paper, it is pointed out that the major drawback of the early modern urban planning and the super-scale construction is that only the modular system of the structure technology is concerned, and the module system of the urban space is not fully recognized, and the effective hand of the construction of the organic order of the large space system is also lacking. This is the main cause of the failure of the construction and exploration of the great scale of modernism. Further, through the observation of the different historical development background of the East and West cities and the buildings, this paper puts forward the important work that the thought method of the organic modulus and the organic module system of the ancient city and the building in the future is in the design of the future city and the construction of the super-scale. In view of the double properties of the super-scale construction, this paper analyzes the development of the urban design theory, which is represented by Camilo and Kevin Lynch, and analyzes the five-way of the urban environmental cognition. In this paper, the five rules of order cognition put forward by the Institute of the Order of the Decorative Art are put forward: the direction of order, the focus and the change of order, the default of the order automatic continuation, the perception of the geometric order and the transmission law of the force, and the order and the time The theory of organic order that guides the design practice is formed by combining it with the system of organic modulus and the five-element theory of the cognitive map, so as to guide the design of the urban design and the super-scale to the diversification and the organic harmony. in the direction of the present invention. The article is divided into two parts: the history and the theoretical study of the super-scale construction: the historical practice and the theoretical development of the city and the large-scale building are sorted out based on the view of the super-scale construction research, and the regularity and the reference can be used for reference. The system idea of the system focuses on the historical review of the urban and super-scale construction, and analyzes the social competition and the self-adaptation that the development follows. The rule of law is the rule of law. At the same time, five core hypotheses of the five elements of the cognitive theory, the organic and the order sense of the module system are put together, and the theoretical foundation and the combination guidance are explored. The purpose of this paper is to study the effectiveness of the application of the theory of super-scale construction of organic order based on the actual case of the World Expo Axis: the design and construction of the super-scale construction of the world-Expo axis dominated by the author, and the similar super-scale construction and the city are analyzed. The difficulty of the design is that the three theoretical thinking is integrated into the organic order theory to guide the detailed process of the practice, and the organic and multi-function of the application of the computer technology to the module system is also analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：中国美术学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU201;TU981
本文编号：2406427
[Abstract]:After the time of industrialization, a group of modernism architects represented by the construction telecommunication group put forward the idea of various super-scale construction, which is the exploration of the possibility of the ideal city and the ideal building in the future. The process of urbanization, which began in the 1980s and 1990s, has provided a large number of cases for the practical exploration of the ideal city and the super-scale construction. However, how to grasp the design and construction of large-scale urban complex, urban space and super-scale construction is still a difficult problem for most architects. In this paper, through the study of the history of the development of urban design and super-scale construction, this paper starts with the practice cases and the theoretical development of two clues, and tries to find a reliable way to solve the problem. In this paper, the double properties of the city and the building with the super-scale construction are analyzed, and the basic rules of the social competition law and the natural technical law that influence and decide the super-scale construction are analyzed. The historical development of the construction technology of urban and super-scale construction is analyzed through the observation of the development of the development of the structure and technology of the city and the architecture of the ancient times to the ancient city of the Middle Ages and the Gothic architecture and to the expansion of the city in the industrial era and the structure of the modern architecture. The study of the exploration results of the ideal city model, which is related to the super-scale construction and comparison, through the analysis of the concept and practice cases of the urban design and the super-scale construction of the modern architects and the theorists. In this paper, it is pointed out that the major drawback of the early modern urban planning and the super-scale construction is that only the modular system of the structure technology is concerned, and the module system of the urban space is not fully recognized, and the effective hand of the construction of the organic order of the large space system is also lacking. This is the main cause of the failure of the construction and exploration of the great scale of modernism. Further, through the observation of the different historical development background of the East and West cities and the buildings, this paper puts forward the important work that the thought method of the organic modulus and the organic module system of the ancient city and the building in the future is in the design of the future city and the construction of the super-scale. In view of the double properties of the super-scale construction, this paper analyzes the development of the urban design theory, which is represented by Camilo and Kevin Lynch, and analyzes the five-way of the urban environmental cognition. In this paper, the five rules of order cognition put forward by the Institute of the Order of the Decorative Art are put forward: the direction of order, the focus and the change of order, the default of the order automatic continuation, the perception of the geometric order and the transmission law of the force, and the order and the time The theory of organic order that guides the design practice is formed by combining it with the system of organic modulus and the five-element theory of the cognitive map, so as to guide the design of the urban design and the super-scale to the diversification and the organic harmony. in the direction of the present invention. The article is divided into two parts: the history and the theoretical study of the super-scale construction: the historical practice and the theoretical development of the city and the large-scale building are sorted out based on the view of the super-scale construction research, and the regularity and the reference can be used for reference. The system idea of the system focuses on the historical review of the urban and super-scale construction, and analyzes the social competition and the self-adaptation that the development follows. The rule of law is the rule of law. At the same time, five core hypotheses of the five elements of the cognitive theory, the organic and the order sense of the module system are put together, and the theoretical foundation and the combination guidance are explored. The purpose of this paper is to study the effectiveness of the application of the theory of super-scale construction of organic order based on the actual case of the World Expo Axis: the design and construction of the super-scale construction of the world-Expo axis dominated by the author, and the similar super-scale construction and the city are analyzed. The difficulty of the design is that the three theoretical thinking is integrated into the organic order theory to guide the detailed process of the practice, and the organic and multi-function of the application of the computer technology to the module system is also analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：中国美术学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU201;TU981
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 王建国;;基于城市设计的大尺度城市空间形态研究[J];中国科学(E辑:技术科学);2009年05期
本文编号：2406427
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