水网城镇防灾减灾规划策略研究

发布时间：2019-03-12 18:28

【摘要】：自然灾害对人类带来的影响逐渐成为人们关注的焦点。为有效应对各种自然灾害,建立强大的防灾空间系统,提高城市防灾能力,探求城市空间环境的相对安全模式已逐渐成为当今人类共同关心的课题。水网密布、人口及物质财富聚集的沿海水网地区地处我国三大自然灾害带之一,常年倍受台风、洪水等多种灾害的侵袭,灾害系统的复杂性和损失的严重性尤为突出,对水网城镇防灾减灾系统的科学构建提出了迫切需求。首先,在对国内外城市防灾减灾理论研究和建设实践全面回顾和总结的基础上,归纳出防灾减灾研究发展的趋势,结合水网城镇环境特征与该地区主要自然灾害类型,找出防灾现状问题所在,分析构建水网城镇防灾减灾系统面临的主要挑战。其次,结合水网城镇台风、洪水、火灾等灾害的破坏性特点及承灾体的易损性特征,分析易生灾害防灾减灾的重点和空间需求,并强调灾害的衍生规律(纵向)研究和灾害链控制的核心作用,提出对主要灾害进行防御的空间互通性(横向),为防灾减灾对策在城镇空间上的落实提供理论依据。再次,运用“图底”关系原理,将防灾减灾策略落实至多层面多要素的城镇空间体系构建中,以实现防灾减灾的综合性和主动性。最后,基于与人的行为模式、城镇建设、综合效益、水网环境等相结合的原则,提出水网城镇的防灾建设应聚焦于水网城镇空间结构、水网空间形态、防灾空间系统及防救灾通道体系等方面的研究,以多级水网为导向,加强不同层次防灾减灾规划的上下衔接,得出适合水网城镇的综合防灾规划策略,并使之具备足够的系统性和可操作性,以提升城镇整体抗灾容灾能力,达到水网城镇相对安全健康发展的可持续方法的目标。本论文提出了关于城镇防灾减灾研究的三点新思路：第一,聚焦水网城镇空间,把防灾减灾系统建设与水网城镇空间系统紧密的结合,寻求两者的交叉点和平衡点,并运用“图底”关系,有力协调,构建适于水网城镇的综合防灾策略；第二,把握核心,主动防治,提出防灾减灾系统的核心应是深入剖析灾害的衍生和作用规律,探求防灾减灾的空间互通性,并发挥城镇空间系统的防灾主动性,以遏制灾害链的蔓延。
[Abstract]:The impact of natural disasters on human beings has gradually become the focus of attention. In order to effectively deal with various natural disasters, establish a powerful space system for disaster prevention, improve the capacity of urban disaster prevention, and explore the relative safety model of urban space environment has gradually become a common concern of human beings. The coastal water network area with dense water network and gathering population and material wealth is located in one of the three natural disaster zones of our country. It is attacked by many disasters such as typhoon and flood all the year round, and the complexity of the disaster system and the severity of the loss are especially prominent. This paper puts forward the urgent demand for the scientific construction of disaster prevention and mitigation system in water network towns. First of all, on the basis of a comprehensive review and summary of the theoretical research and construction practice of urban disaster prevention and mitigation at home and abroad, the development trend of disaster prevention and mitigation research is summarized, combined with the environmental characteristics of waternet towns and the main types of natural disasters in this area. This paper finds out the present situation of disaster prevention and analyzes the main challenges faced by the construction of water network town disaster prevention and mitigation system. Secondly, combined with the destructive characteristics of typhoon, flood, fire and other disasters in waternet towns and the vulnerability characteristics of disaster-bearing bodies, the emphasis and space demand of disaster prevention and mitigation are analyzed. It also emphasizes the core role of the derivative law (longitudinal) research and disaster chain control of disasters, and puts forward the spatial interoperability (horizontal) for the prevention of major disasters, which provides a theoretical basis for the implementation of disaster prevention and mitigation countermeasures in urban space. Thirdly, in order to realize the synthesis and initiative of disaster prevention and mitigation, the strategy of disaster prevention and mitigation is put into practice in the construction of multi-factor urban space system by using the principle of "figure-base" relationship. Finally, based on the principle of combining with human behavior mode, town construction, comprehensive benefit and water network environment, the paper puts forward that the disaster prevention construction of water network town should focus on the spatial structure of water network town, the space form of water network, and so on. On the basis of multi-level water network, the spatial system of disaster prevention and the system of passageway of disaster prevention and relief are studied, and the upper and lower links of disaster prevention and mitigation planning at different levels are strengthened, and the comprehensive disaster prevention planning strategy suitable for waternet cities and towns is obtained. And make it have enough systematicness and maneuverability in order to improve the overall anti-disaster and disaster-recovery ability of cities and towns and reach the goal of sustainable method of relatively safe and healthy development of water-net towns. This paper puts forward three new ideas on the study of urban disaster prevention and mitigation: first, focus on the urban space of water network, combine the construction of disaster prevention and mitigation system and urban spatial system of water network closely, and seek the intersection and equilibrium point between them. The comprehensive disaster prevention strategy suitable for water network towns is constructed by using the relation of "figure base", powerful coordination and construction of comprehensive disaster prevention strategy for water network towns. Second, grasp the core, active prevention and control, put forward that the core of disaster prevention and mitigation system should be in-depth analysis of the derivation and role of disaster laws, explore the spatial interoperability of disaster prevention and mitigation, and give full play to the initiative of urban space system disaster prevention. To curb the spread of the disaster chain.
【学位授予单位】：苏州科技学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU984.116

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