基于微气候热舒适的哈尔滨住区街道空间评价研究
发布时间：2019-05-18 04:45
【摘要】：作为住区外部空间的重要组成部分，住区街道空间不但承担了住区系统中重要的交通功能，而且是住区道路系统中具有“街”属性的道路模式。相比于一般的街道空间，住区街道空间会因其所属的独特的住区空间布局背景及气候背景而表现出不一样的局地微气候，街道朝向、街道高宽比、街道两侧建筑高度差、街道不同开口形式、街道裙房形式都会对其形成鲜明的影响。 目前，从微气候热舒适性层面来说，其更多关注的是大尺度或小尺度的类型，中尺度的如城市低等级道路、住区街道、住区广场等的研究虽然近些年明显增加，但总体上看研究量依然较少，业已存在的研究针对的也一般为湿热气候区、干热气候区、温和气候区、夏热冬冷气候区，寒地气候背景下对住区街道空间的研究几无涉及。严寒气候背景下、中尺度层次的住区街道空间微气候热舒适性研究不但能与其他相关研究形成互补，同时也是对住区街道微气候角度宜居性的一次有益探索。 笔者以严寒地区城市局地微气候环境的复杂性为背景，，在实测调研的支撑下，在影响住区街道微气候热舒适性的五大类空间影响因子条件下，进行了两个微气候主导元素风速与空气温度的数值模拟与计算分析。为了详细全面的了解与分析住区街道的微气候特征，同时验证微气候数值模拟的科学有效性，本文一方面选择具有代表性的哈尔滨市住区进行实测调研，另一方面以实测数据为基础条件展开全类型的住区街道数值模拟，最后充分证实了数值模拟方法的合理性，为之后对寒地住区街道微气候热舒适性展开全方位的研究奠定了坚实的基础。 文章以全类型街道的数值模拟结果为源数据，以微气候影响因子的同原则赋值量化、微气候热舒适的三区（优区、中区、差区）划分、微气候影响因子权重计算等为手段，构建了全类型街道各角度、各层次的微气候热舒适性评价结果。 最后，以上述评价结果为基础，本文提出了寒地住区的针对每一类型街道的内部微气候热舒适性空间选择建议；针对所有街道类型的微气候热舒适性街道选择建议；针对某一类型街道的微气候热舒适性空间布局优化建议。
[Abstract]:As an important part of the external space of residential area, residential street space not only undertakes the important traffic function in residential area system, but also is the road mode with "street" attribute in residential road system. Compared with the general street space, the residential street space will show different local microclimate, street orientation, street aspect ratio and building height difference on both sides of the street because of its unique residential spatial layout background and climate background. Different opening forms of street, street skirt form will have a distinct impact on it. At present, from the aspect of microclimate thermal comfort, more attention is paid to the types of large-scale or small-scale. Although the research on meso-scale such as urban low-grade roads, residential streets, residential squares and so on, has increased significantly in recent years. However, on the whole, the amount of research is still relatively small, and the existing studies are generally aimed at humid and hot climate areas, dry and hot climate areas, mild climate areas, hot summer and cold winter climate areas, and the study of street space in residential areas under the background of cold climate. Under the background of severe cold climate, the study of spatial microclimate thermal comfort of residential streets at the meso-level can not only complement other related studies, but also be a useful exploration for the livability of residential streets from the perspective of microclimate. The author takes the complexity of local microclimate environment in severe cold area as the background, and under the support of the measured investigation, under the condition of five kinds of spatial influencing factors that affect the microclimate thermal comfort of residential streets, The numerical simulation and calculation analysis of wind speed and air temperature of two dominant elements of microclimate are carried out. In order to understand and analyze the microclimate characteristics of residential streets in detail and verify the scientific effectiveness of microclimate numerical simulation, on the one hand, this paper selects the representative residential areas of Harbin to carry out the measured investigation. On the other hand, based on the measured data, the numerical simulation of the whole type of residential streets is carried out, and the rationality of the numerical simulation method is fully verified. It lays a solid foundation for the comprehensive study of microclimate thermal comfort of streets in cold residential areas. In this paper, the numerical simulation results of all types of streets are used as the source data, the same principle assignment of microclimate influencing factors is used to quantify, the three regions of microclimate thermal comfort (superior area, middle area, difference area) are divided, and the weight calculation of microclimate influencing factors is taken as the means. The evaluation results of microclimate thermal comfort from all angles and levels of all types of streets are constructed. Finally, on the basis of the above evaluation results, this paper puts forward some suggestions for the selection of internal microclimate thermal comfort space for each type of street, and for all street types of microclimate thermal comfort street. Suggestions on spatial layout optimization of microclimate thermal comfort for a certain type of street.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU984.12
本文编号：2479684
[Abstract]:As an important part of the external space of residential area, residential street space not only undertakes the important traffic function in residential area system, but also is the road mode with "street" attribute in residential road system. Compared with the general street space, the residential street space will show different local microclimate, street orientation, street aspect ratio and building height difference on both sides of the street because of its unique residential spatial layout background and climate background. Different opening forms of street, street skirt form will have a distinct impact on it. At present, from the aspect of microclimate thermal comfort, more attention is paid to the types of large-scale or small-scale. Although the research on meso-scale such as urban low-grade roads, residential streets, residential squares and so on, has increased significantly in recent years. However, on the whole, the amount of research is still relatively small, and the existing studies are generally aimed at humid and hot climate areas, dry and hot climate areas, mild climate areas, hot summer and cold winter climate areas, and the study of street space in residential areas under the background of cold climate. Under the background of severe cold climate, the study of spatial microclimate thermal comfort of residential streets at the meso-level can not only complement other related studies, but also be a useful exploration for the livability of residential streets from the perspective of microclimate. The author takes the complexity of local microclimate environment in severe cold area as the background, and under the support of the measured investigation, under the condition of five kinds of spatial influencing factors that affect the microclimate thermal comfort of residential streets, The numerical simulation and calculation analysis of wind speed and air temperature of two dominant elements of microclimate are carried out. In order to understand and analyze the microclimate characteristics of residential streets in detail and verify the scientific effectiveness of microclimate numerical simulation, on the one hand, this paper selects the representative residential areas of Harbin to carry out the measured investigation. On the other hand, based on the measured data, the numerical simulation of the whole type of residential streets is carried out, and the rationality of the numerical simulation method is fully verified. It lays a solid foundation for the comprehensive study of microclimate thermal comfort of streets in cold residential areas. In this paper, the numerical simulation results of all types of streets are used as the source data, the same principle assignment of microclimate influencing factors is used to quantify, the three regions of microclimate thermal comfort (superior area, middle area, difference area) are divided, and the weight calculation of microclimate influencing factors is taken as the means. The evaluation results of microclimate thermal comfort from all angles and levels of all types of streets are constructed. Finally, on the basis of the above evaluation results, this paper puts forward some suggestions for the selection of internal microclimate thermal comfort space for each type of street, and for all street types of microclimate thermal comfort street. Suggestions on spatial layout optimization of microclimate thermal comfort for a certain type of street.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU984.12
本文编号：2479684
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