石油钻井井喷事故致因机理分析及预警系统研究

发布时间：2018-08-19 10:52

【摘要】：石油钻井井喷事故是一种十分严重的钻井事故,它一旦发生不仅会影响石油勘探开发的进程,而且还可能导致人员伤亡、财产损失和环境污染。因此,加强石油钻井井喷事故致因机理分析和预警系统研究,对预防石油钻井井喷事故的发生,减轻石油钻井井喷事故造成的损失具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文以事故管理、风险管理、预警管理和石油钻井工程的理论、方法为指导,以石油钻井井喷事故致因机理分析为基础,分别从石油钻井井喷事故预警的组织结构、工作流程、预警指标、预警监测、预警分析等方面构建石油钻井井喷事故预警系统,为预防石油钻井井喷事故的发生、减轻石油钻井井喷事故造成的损失提供方法和技术支持。首先运用事故致因理论和解释结构模型的方法对钻井井喷事故的致因因素进行分析,然后运用安全木桶理论对钻井井喷事故致因机理进行了分析研究,最后运用事故预警的理论构建了石油钻井井喷事故预警系统,并将井喷事故预警系统应用到渤海钻探钻井队的井控安全状态的评价中。通过本文的研究可以得到以下的结论:(1)影响钻井井喷事故的致因因素由人的因素、物的因素、环境因素、管理因素和技术因素等五个方面构成。(2)井喷事故的发生主要是影响钻井井喷事故的影响因素中存在短板,不能够对井控安全系统中出现的问题实施有效的控制,最终导致井喷事故的发生。(3)通过井喷事故预警系统对钻井队井控工作状态的评价结果,确定石油钻井井喷事故的预警等级,采取相应的危机控制措施能够及时有效的补齐井控安全系统中的短板,能够预防井喷事故的发生。(4)将石油钻井井喷事故预警系统应用到渤海钻探BH-38钻井队的井控工作实际中,表明本文所给出的井喷事故预警系统具有一定的实用性。
[Abstract]:Oil drilling blowout accident is a very serious drilling accident, once it occurs, it will not only affect the process of oil exploration and development, but also may lead to casualties, property losses and environmental pollution. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to strengthen the mechanism analysis and early warning system study on the cause of oil drilling blowout accidents in order to prevent the occurrence of oil drilling blowout accidents and reduce the losses caused by oil drilling blowout accidents. Under the guidance of the theory and method of accident management, risk management, early warning management and oil drilling engineering, and based on the analysis of the cause mechanism of oil drilling blowout accident, this paper analyzes the organization structure and work flow of oil drilling blowout accident warning, respectively. Early warning index, early warning monitoring, early warning analysis and other aspects of oil drilling blowout accident early warning system to prevent the occurrence of oil drilling blowout accidents, reduce the loss caused by oil drilling blowout accidents to provide methods and technical support. Firstly, the cause factors of well blowout accidents are analyzed by using the theory of accident cause and the method of explaining structure model, then the cause mechanism of well blowout accidents is analyzed and studied by using the theory of safe wooden barrel. Finally, an early warning system of oil drilling blowout accident is constructed by using the theory of accident warning, and the early warning system is applied to the evaluation of well control safety state of the drilling team in Bohai Sea. Through the research of this paper, we can get the following conclusions: (1) the factors influencing the blowout accidents are human factors, physical factors, environmental factors, Management factors and technical factors. (2) the occurrence of blowout accidents is mainly due to the existence of short plate in the influencing factors of drilling blowout accidents, which can not effectively control the problems in the well control safety system. Finally lead to the occurrence of blowout accident. (3) through the well blowout accident warning system to the drilling team well control work state evaluation results, determine the early warning level of oil drilling blowout accident, Adopting the corresponding crisis control measures can make up the short plate in the well control safety system in time and effectively, and can prevent the blowout accident. (4) the oil drilling blowout accident warning system is applied to the well control work of the BH-38 drilling team in Bohai Sea. The results show that the well blowout accident warning system presented in this paper has certain practicability.
【学位授予单位】：西南石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE28

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