土石坝工程应急震损评估技术研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 01:09

本文选题：土石坝 + 应急评估　；参考：《河北农业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国位于欧亚板块内部，西部地区受印度洋板块与欧亚板块的碰撞影响，同时东部地区受太平洋板块插入与推挤影响，因此我国强震活动频繁，地震灾害严重，是世界上蒙受地震灾害最为严重的国家之一。人类历史记载上，造成20万人以上死亡的大地震有6次，其中我国占了4次。在1949～2000年间，我国各种自然灾害造成人员死亡约55万人，其中地震灾害造成的死亡超过1/2，达28万人。所以，震情严峻、震害严重是我国基本国情之一。目前我国水坝数量达86,000座以上，其中95%以上是土石坝。土石坝在地震灾害中作为承灾体，一方面引起土石坝坝体的破坏，造成直接经济损失；另一方面，还可能演变成为危险的次生灾害源，引发的次生水灾能够造成巨大的经济损失和人员伤亡，同时在地震后还常常因水坝无法正常发挥水利设施功能，造成灾后生产、生活的困难。在地震发生后，通过对土石坝地震灾害损失开展简便、快捷的预测评估，可以为有效开展地震应急工作，合理分配救灾人员、物资，及时救援，避免次生灾害的发生提供参考。同时，通过土石坝震害预测及快速评估方法的研究，可以深化对土石坝地震反应机制的认识，能够在坝体设计施工时预先采取抗震措施，避免或者减轻可能造成的破坏和损失。目前国内外对土石坝震害预测与快速评估方法的研究很少，面对我国严峻的地震形势，本文主要对土石坝工程应急震损评估进行研究，能够为水利工程抗震应急工程提供一定的理论支撑。本文首先建立土石坝震损多维快速评估体系，该体系的思路分为两个方面，其一是通过分析现行土石坝安全评估的全部内容，并对水利部2003年修订的《水库大坝安全鉴定办法》和2000年颁布的《水库大坝安全评价导则》（SL258-2000）及相关规范逐条梳理，对其中的评估内容进行再分组，将分组结果作为本文评估系统的中间层，使本文建立的评估体系具备全面性；其二是利用现有地震数据、震损资料、溃坝经验并结合风险分析法的理论知识，进行土石坝各项指标的相关性分析，，得到本文件建立的指标体系，并根据中间层对指标体系进行分组，最终获得具备全面性、针对性和层次性特点的土石坝震损多维快速评估体系。其次，总结国内外典型的应急评级分类或分级思路，结合水利工程特点探索性的确定大坝地震灾害分级和响应分级。最后针对水利工程的特点，应急预案应该在丰富基础资料和风险分析评估的基础上持续改进和实行动态管理，在应急救援过程中应体现出动态应对的优越性。根据上文总结和归纳出的土石坝抗震应急评估体系，在模糊多属性决策的理论基础上，提出动态模糊分级方法，并应用在2005年1月26日云南省思茅地震灾害应急的某一时刻内，检验分级的方法。本文在总结现有土石坝安全资料的基础上将土石坝安全专项评估进行重新分组，通过分析地震对土石坝安全的影响，建立土石坝地震应急安全评估体系；总结国内外典型紧急事件应急状态分级方法，总结分级理念，对土石坝地震应急安全评估进行分级；并在土石坝地震应急安全评估体系和状态分级的基础上，探索性的提出土石坝工程地质灾害评估的动态模糊分级模型。
[Abstract]:China located within the Eurasian plate, the western region by the impact of India Ocean plate and the Eurasian plate, while the eastern region of the Pacific plate insert and push the effect, so the strong earthquake in China frequently, serious earthquake disaster, the world suffered the earthquake disaster is one of the most serious countries. The history of humanity, the earthquake caused 200 thousand people over the death of 6 times, of which China accounts for 4 times. In 1949~2000 years, all kinds of natural disasters in China killed about 550 thousand people, the earthquake caused the death of more than 1/2, up to 280 thousand people. So, a severe earthquake situation, serious damage is one of the basic conditions of our country.
The current number of dams reached 86000 or more, of which more than 95% dams. Dams in the earthquake disaster as a disaster, on the one hand caused by dam failure, causing direct economic losses; on the other hand, may also become dangerous source of secondary disasters caused by floods, secondary can cause huge economic losses and casualties, at the same time after the earthquake by the dam is often unable to play a function of water conservancy facilities, resulting in post production, the difficulties of life. After the earthquake, the earthquake damage of earth rockfill dam is carried out, forecast evaluation and fast, can effectively carry out earthquake emergency work, the rational allocation of relief workers, materials, provide reference for timely rescue, avoid the occurrence of secondary disasters. At the same time, through the study of forecasting of dam damage and rapid assessment method, we can deepen the understanding of seismic response mechanism To advance, anti-seismic measures in dam design and construction, to avoid or reduce the loss and damage may cause. At home and abroad have done little research on Forecasting of dam damage and rapid assessment method, in the face of the grim situation of China's earthquake, this paper focuses on the research of earth rock dam emergency earthquake damage assessment can provide certain theoretical support for water conservancy engineering seismic emergency project.
Firstly, establish the system of rapid assessment of dam earthquake damaged the multidimensional, system is divided into two aspects, one is through the analysis of the current content of dam safety evaluation, and the revised 2003 Ministry of water resources safety appraising reservoir dam and < < 2000 promulgated the guidelines for reservoir dam safety evaluation (SL258-2000). And related specifications and sort out one by one, the content of the assessment of the packet, packets as a result of the evaluation of the middle layer of the system, so this paper built the evaluation system with comprehensive; the second is the use of existing seismic data, seismic damage data, the theoretical knowledge of dam and the experience of risk analysis, correlation analysis of the indicators earth rockfill dam, the index system is established according to the document, and the middle layer of the index system were obtained with a comprehensive, for earth rockfill dam and the level of the characteristics of the The rapid assessment system of earthquake damage multidimensional. Secondly, summarizes the domestic and foreign typical emergency rating classification or grading method, combined with the characteristics of water conservancy engineering exploration dam earthquake disaster classification and grading of the response determined. Finally, according to the characteristics of water conservancy project, the emergency plan should continuously improve and implement dynamic management based on abundant basic data and analysis of risk assessment that should reflect the superiority of the dynamic response in the emergency rescue process. According to the above the earth dam seismic summarize emergency assessment system, based on the theory of fuzzy multiple attribute decision making, dynamic fuzzy classification method proposed, a time and application of emergency in Yunnan Province in January 26, 2005, Simao earthquake disaster, inspection method grading.
Based on the summary of existing dam safety data on the basis of dam safety evaluation of special re grouping, through the analysis of earthquake effect on dam safety, the establishment of earthquake dam emergency safety evaluation system; summarizes the domestic and foreign typical emergency emergency classification method, summarize the concept of classification, seismic emergency safety assessment classification; and in rockfill dam seismic emergency safety assessment system based on the classification and status, this paper explores the dynamic geological disaster dam evaluation fuzzy classification model.

【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV641;TV698.13

【参考文献】