松花江流域哈尔滨段土地利用变化及其对地表径流影响的研究

发布时间：2018-05-13 10:35

本文选题：土地利用 + 水量　；参考：《哈尔滨师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着松花江流域社会经济的快速发展,流域内水环境问题日趋严重。研究土地利用变化及其对地表径流的影响,对社会经济的可持续发展、水土资源的可持续利用、优化配置及生态环境保护等都具有重要意义。本文首先通过解译2006年、2010年、2014年松花江流域哈尔滨段研究区的遥感影像,得出土地利用类型数据,对土地利用变化及驱动因素进行分析;然后利用SCS-CN水文模型,对研究区年产流量进行模拟,分析土地利用变化对地表径流水量的影响;并对不同尺度缓冲区的土地利用类型面积百分比与水质指标的相关关系进行分析,从而分析土地利用变化对地表径流水质的影响。土地利用变化及驱动因素分析研究结果表明:(1)2006—2014年,研究区土地利用程度处于发展期。(2)2006—2014年,研究区土地利用类型面积百分比变化量分别为:旱田面积百分比减少10.69%;建筑用地面积百分比增加5.77%;林地面积百分比增加2.73%;草地面积百分比增加0.69%;未利用地面积百分比减少0.43%。但是,水田在2006—2010年阶段面积呈增加趋势,而在2010—2014年阶段面积呈减少趋势。(3)耕地以转出量为主,建筑用地、林地以转入量为主,其它土地利用类型空间转移变化较复杂。(4)研究区土地利用变化主要受自然因素、人口因素、经济等因素影响。土地利用变化对地表径流水量影响研究结果表明:(1)研究区土地利用类型年产流能力,从时间上看,2010年2006年2014年;从空间上看,北部地区南部地区中部地区。(2)2006—2014年,研究区土地利用类型的年产流贡献率由大到小依次为:耕地、建筑用地、林地、水域、未利用地、草地。(3)研究区土地利用类型的产流贡献率与其面积占比密切相关。土地利用变化对地表径流水质影响研究结果表明:(1)从整体上看,2010年、2014年的水域和草地与DO之间呈正相关关系,其他土地利用类型与DO之间呈负相关关系;(2)水域、草地和大尺度距离的林地与CODmn、BOD5、CODcr、NH3-N、TP、TN之间呈负相关关系,说明林地、草地对水质具有一定的改善作用;(3)旱田、水田与CODmn、BOD5、CODcr、NH3-N、TP、TN之间呈正相关关系,说明研究区地表径流水质主要为面源污染,并且污染影响系数随着缓冲区距离的增大而减小。(4)从回归系数看,耕地对地表径流水质的影响冰封期枯水期丰水期。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social economy in Songhua River Basin, the water environment problem is becoming more and more serious. The study of land use change and its influence on surface runoff is of great significance to the sustainable development of social economy, the sustainable utilization of soil and water resources, the optimal allocation and the protection of ecological environment. By interpreting remote sensing images of Harbin section of Songhua River basin in 2006, 2010 and 2014, this paper first obtains land use type data and analyzes land use change and its driving factors, and then uses SCS-CN hydrological model to analyze land use change and driving factors. The effects of land use change on surface runoff and the correlation between land use type area percentage and water quality index in different buffer zones are analyzed by simulating the annual yield and discharge in the study area, and analyzing the effect of land use change on surface runoff and water quality. The effect of land use change on surface runoff water quality is analyzed. The results of the analysis of land use change and its driving factors show that the land use degree of the study area is in the period of development from 2006 to 2014. The percentage changes of land use area in the study area were as follows: the percentage of dry land decreased 10.69; the percentage of construction land increased 5.77; the percentage of forest land increased 2.73; the percentage of grassland area increased 0.69; and the percentage of unused land area decreased 0.43. However, the area of paddy field increased in 2006-2010, but decreased in 2010-2014. The spatial change of other land use types is more complex. 4) the land use change in the study area is mainly affected by natural factors, population factors, economic factors and so on. The results of the study on the effect of land use change on surface runoff water volume show that the annual runoff production capacity of the land use types in the study area, in terms of time, 2006 and 2014, and spatially, in the central region of the southern part of the northern region, in the central region of the northern region, from 2006 to 2014, The annual contribution rate of land use type from large to small is: cultivated land, construction land, forest land, water area, unused land, grassland. 3) the contribution rate of land use type is closely related to its area proportion. The results of the study on the effect of land use change on surface runoff water quality showed that in 2010, there was a positive correlation between the water area and grassland and do in 2014, while there was a negative correlation between other land use types and do. There was a negative correlation between grassland and large scale forest land and CODmnn (BOD5) CODcrn NH _ 3-NN _ (TPN) TN, which indicated that woodland and grassland had a certain improving effect on water quality. There was a positive correlation between paddy field and CODmnn ~ (5) Bod _ (5) CODcrn NH _ 3-NN _ (TPTN), which indicated that surface runoff water quality was mainly caused by non-point source pollution. And the pollution influence coefficient decreased with the increase of buffer area. 4) from the regression coefficient, the effect of cultivated land on surface runoff water quality was observed during the glacial dry season.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P333

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