河流输沙量变化的主要驱动因素

发布时间：2018-08-18 20:20

【摘要】：鉴于河流输沙量的大小和变化对河流系统的功能发挥具有重要意义,且河流输沙量的变化受多种因素驱动,在总结近些年我国河流输沙量变化研究的基础上,分析河流输沙量变化的主要驱动因素。认为我国主要河流除松花江多年水沙量无明显趋势性变化外,其他河流的年输沙量均呈明显下降趋势,主要河流总入海输沙量从1955—1968年的20.3亿t/a降至1997—2010年的5.0亿t/a。研究表明:大坝建设、水土保持措施、流域扰动、河道采砂和气候变化等是输沙量变化的主要驱动因素;长江流域修建大量水库是长江入海沙量降低的主要驱动因素;水土保持措施是黄河入海沙量大幅降低的主要驱动因素之一;流域扰动为澜沧江清盛站输沙量的降低幅度远低于嘎旧站的原因;农业增产减沙可能是淮河入海沙量降低的主要驱动因素;珠江输沙量的降低受到河道采砂的影响;海河流域气候变化是海河诸河输沙量大幅降低的主要驱动因素之一。
[Abstract]:In view of the important significance of river sediment discharge and its variation to the function of river system, and the change of river sediment discharge is driven by many factors, this paper summarizes the research of river sediment discharge change in China in recent years. The main driving factors of river sediment discharge are analyzed. It is considered that except for the Songhua River, the annual sediment discharge of other rivers shows a significant downward trend, and the total sediment discharge of the main rivers decreases from 2.03 billion t / a in 1955-1968 to 500 million t / a in 1997-2010. The results show that dam construction, soil and water conservation measures, basin disturbance, channel sand mining and climate change are the main driving factors for the change of sediment discharge, and the construction of a large number of reservoirs in the Yangtze River basin is the main driving factor for the decrease of sediment volume in the Yangtze River. Soil and water conservation measures are one of the main driving factors for the significant reduction of sediment flow into the Yellow River, and the basin disturbance is the reason that the sediment discharge at Qingsheng Station of Lancang River is much lower than that at Gagu Station. Agricultural production and sediment reduction may be the main driving factors for the decrease of sediment flow into the sea in the Huaihe River, the decrease of sediment transport in the Pearl River is affected by the sand mining along the river, and the climate change in the Haihe River basin is one of the main driving factors for the significant reduction of sediment discharge in the various rivers of the Haihe River.
【作者单位】：国际泥沙研究培训中心;中国水利水电科学研究院;
【基金】：国家国际科技合作专项(2014DFG72010)
【分类号】：TV147

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