太原市高校用水现状及节水措施研究

发布时间：2018-11-22 15:40

【摘要】：随着高校规模的扩大,高校人数逐年增加,导致高校总用水量也逐年增加,高校已成为我国城市用水大户之一。高校节水水平制约着我国城市节水的发展进程。本文介绍了山西大学、太原理工大学、中北大学和山西大学商务学院四所太原市典型院校的用水概况。通过问卷调查的形式和收集高校用水数据资料,对太原市高校的用水构成和特征进行了分析发现,太原市高校普遍存在超定额用水的现象；太原市高校学生具有一定的节水意识,但是仍然没有形成全面的节约用水习惯；大部分学生认为应该通过用水管理制度、节水技术以及提高学生节水意识来提高校园节水效率。针对太原市高校目前存在的用水浪费问题,本文从节水器具的普及、节水工程的建设和节水制度的完善三方面进行了高校节水对策分析。太原市高校应大范围普及节水型水龙头、便器和淋浴器的使用,其节水效益明显,可达40%左右；新校区在进行规划设计和老旧校区进行改造时,应充分考虑中水回用系统和雨水利用系统的建立,就中北大学一年的中水回用效益就有106.14万元；应制定一套完善的节水管理方案,该方案需具有可行性、科学性、合理性、有效性等条件。本文就工程节水措施详细介绍了高校雨水及中水利用研究。其中雨水利用方面,在确定蓄水池规模而进行的可积蓄雨量计算时,为了合理的选取径流系数值,进行了室外实地径流系数模拟试验。本次试验选取了沥青路面、水泥路面、透水性铺装三种下垫面,降雨强度(四个水平)、地面坡降(三个水平)、降雨历时三个变量,研究了径流系数与变量之间的关系。结果表明,水泥路面与沥青路面变化规律基本一致,径流系数均随降雨强度、降雨历时、地面坡降的增大而增大；透水性铺装在雨强较小时,径流系数与坡降成负相关关系,当降雨强度较大时,径流系数与坡降成正相关关系。通过对校园不同下垫面雨水水质测定发现,各下垫面径流雨水PH随降雨历时的增加逐渐增大,均在6.5-7.5之间；浊度整体随时间的推移呈下降趋势,降雨60min后,屋面雨水径流稳定在15度左右,路面雨水径流稳定在35度左右；雨水铵态氮含量较低,并随降雨历时的增加而减小,变化范围不大；降雨初期,径流中的COD、SS浓度较大,随着降雨量的增加,其含量逐渐减少,降雨60min后,路面雨水径流稳定在200mg/L左右,屋面雨水径流稳定在20mg/L附近。通过对径流雨水水质和径流系数变化规律的研究,可以为雨水积蓄利用工程中确定可积蓄雨量的多少、确定蓄水池规模的大小、合理选择雨水处理工艺和集雨工程的推广奠定理论依据。在综合研究太原市高校用水现状、用水特点、高校节水存在的问题的基础上,从节水器具、工程措施和管理措施三方面对太原市高校的节水潜力进行了评估发现,太原市高校光节水器具一项年可节约自来水费用就高达2430万元；中北大学中水回用年可节约自来水费用为106.14万元。太原理工大学为例,通过分析计算得出雨水利用的年经济效益约为173.23万元。此外,随着雨水积蓄利用工程规模的扩大,雨水利用所产生的社会效益日趋明显。通过对太原市高校节水的研究及建设,不仅可以减少高校总用水量,降低办学成本,而且还可以培养学生的节水意识,形成良好的节水习惯,树立自觉节水的社会风尚,从而带动全市乃至全民节水意识的提高,使节水型高校逐步扩大到节水型城市,再发展到节水型社会,实现水资源的高效利用和合理配置,这对于我国建设节约型社会,实现水资源的合理可持续发展具有重要的意义。
[Abstract]:With the expansion of the university scale, the number of colleges and universities has increased year by year, leading to the increase of the total water consumption of the university year by year. The water-saving level in colleges and universities restrict the development of water-saving in our country. This paper introduces the water consumption of the typical colleges and universities in Taiyuan, the Taiyuan University of Technology, the Central University of China and the School of Business of the University of Shanxi. The paper makes an analysis on the composition and characteristics of the water in the university of Taiyuan through the form of the questionnaire and the data of the collected water. It is found that the phenomenon of the super-quota water is prevalent in the university in Taiyuan, and the university students in Taiyuan have a certain water-saving effect. Consciousness, but still does not form a comprehensive water-saving habit; most of the students think that the water-saving of the campus should be improved by using the water management system, the water-saving technology and the improvement of the water-saving consciousness of the students In view of the problem of water waste in the present water-saving system in Taiyuan, this paper, from the popularization of the water-saving appliance, the construction of the water-saving project and the improvement of the water-saving system, has carried on the university's section. The water-saving water-saving tap, the water-saving tap, the water-saving effect of the water-saving tap, the water-saving effect of the water-saving tap, the water-saving effect of the water-saving tap, the water-saving effect of the water-saving water-saving tap, the water-saving effect of the water-saving water-saving tap, the water-saving water-saving device and the water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-saving water-The establishment of the system, with the benefit of the middle and the north university for one year, has a benefit of 106.14 million yuan, and a complete set of water-saving management plan should be set up, which needs to be feasible, scientific and reasonable. In this paper, the water-saving measures of the project are introduced in detail. in that study of the use of water and medium water, in the case of the use of stormwater, the outdoor field is carry out in order to reasonably select the value of the runoff coefficient in the calculation of the accumulated rainfall in the determination of the size of the reservoir. The runoff coefficient simulation test is carried out. The three variables such as asphalt pavement, cement pavement and water-permeable pavement are selected, the rainfall intensity (four levels), the ground slope (three levels) and the rainfall duration are three variables, and the runoff coefficient is studied. The results show that the change rule of the cement pavement and the asphalt pavement is basically the same, the runoff coefficient increases with the rainfall intensity, the rainfall duration and the slope of the ground, and the water-permeable pavement is strong in the rain and the runoff coefficient is inversely related to the slope. When the rainfall intensity is large, the runoff coefficient is the same as The results show that the PH of the runoff in the lower surface is gradually increased with the increase of the duration of the rainfall, all of which are between 6.5 and 7.5. The change of the turbidity as a whole decreases with the time, and after the rainfall is 60min, the roof rainwater runoff and the content of the COD and SS in the runoff is larger with the increase of the rainfall, and the content of the rainfall is gradually reduced along with the increase of the rainfall, After the rainfall of 60min, the rainwater runoff of the pavement is stabilized at about 200mg/ L, and the rainwater runoff of the roof is stable. In the vicinity of 20mg/ L, by studying the change law of runoff water quality and runoff coefficient, it is possible to determine the amount of accumulated rainfall in the rainwater storage and utilization project, to determine the size of the reservoir, to select the rainwater treatment process and the rain-collecting project reasonably. On the basis of the comprehensive study of the present situation of water use, the characteristics of water and the problems of water-saving in colleges and universities, the paper puts forward the three aspects of water-saving appliance, engineering measures and management measures to the university of Taiyuan. It is found that the water-saving potential of the water-saving appliance of the university in Taiyuan is up to 2430 million yuan in one year, and the water return in the University of China can save the running water in the year. The cost is 106.14 million yuan. In the case of Taiyuan University of Technology, the annual economic effect of the rainwater utilization is obtained through analysis and calculation. The profit is about 173.23 million yuan. In addition, with the expansion of the project scale and the utilization of the rainwater, The social benefit is becoming more and more obvious. Through the research and construction of the water-saving in the colleges and universities in Taiyuan, it is not only possible to reduce the total water consumption in colleges and universities, to reduce the running cost, but also to train the water-saving consciousness of the students and to form good water-saving. Habit, set up a self-conscious water-saving social fashion, so as to drive the whole city and even the whole people to realize the improvement of water-saving consciousness, so that the water-saving colleges and universities are gradually expanded to the water-saving city, and then the water-saving society is developed, so that the efficient utilization and reasonable distribution of the water resources are realized On the other hand, this is about the construction of a resource-saving society in our country and the realization of water resources.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV213.9

【参考文献】