中美地下水资源开发利用对比分析

发布时间：2018-04-10 17:22

本文选题：地下水资源 + 开发利用　；参考：《水文地质工程地质》2016年02期

【摘要】：中国和美国分别作为发展中国家和发达国家的代表,两国开发利用地下水较早,在地下水开发利用过程中积累了丰富的经验。通过介绍两国地下水资源开发利用的现状,揭示其多年地下水用水量的变化规律,并进行对比分析。结果表明:近年来,两国地下水用水量仍超过1000×10~8m~3/a,地下水用水量占总用水量的比例均为20%左右,其中约有60%用于农业灌溉,三个指标整体上均呈现减少趋势。在人口、人均GDP和有效灌溉面积三个影响因素中,两国地下水用水量的首要影响因素均是有效灌溉面积。调水工程的兴建,可缓解地下水开采压力,有效地减少了地下水用水量。与美国相比,中国的用水效率较低,今后应进一步推广节水技术,加强地下水资源管理。
[Abstract]:Chinese and America respectively as a representative of the developed countries and the developing countries, the development and utilization of groundwater in the two countries earlier, groundwater exploitation process has accumulated rich experience. Through the introduction of the current situation of development and utilization of the groundwater resources, groundwater reveals the change law of water consumption, and comparative analysis. The results showed that: in recent years, the use of groundwater the water is still more than 1000 * 10~8m~3/a, groundwater water use to total water use ratio was about 20%, of which about 60% is used for agricultural irrigation, three indicators showed a trend of decrease in population, per capita GDP and effective irrigation area of the three factors, the primary factors of groundwater water are is the effective irrigation area. The water diversion project construction, can alleviate the pressure of groundwater, effectively reduce groundwater consumption. Compared with the United States, China's water use efficiency In the future, the water saving technology should be further promoted and the management of groundwater resources should be strengthened.

【作者单位】：河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室;美国内布拉斯加大学林肯分校自然资源学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41172203,41201029,41301017)
【分类号】：P641.8

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