内陆核电选址阶段水资源安全评价体系研究及应用

发布时间：2018-05-21 08:10

本文选题：内陆核电 + 选址　；参考：《浙江大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着核电安全规划和核电中长期发展规划的发布,我国核电建设将逐步恢复正常。停滞的内陆核电建设将再次被提上议程。内陆核电站退水中含有低放射性废水,会对下游水质安全构成影响；一旦发生严重核电站事故,会对国家水资源安全构成很大威胁。因此水资源安全与内陆核电选址关系密切,是内陆核电发展的重要前提,是内陆核电安全体系的重要组成部分。本论文在资料调查、文献查阅的基础上,对我国核电站取排水情况进行分析,构建内陆核电选址阶段水资源安全的评价体系,建立基于层次分析法和基于模糊综合分析法的内陆核电选址阶段水资源安全评价模型,并进行了应用实例研究。取得的主要研究成果如下：(1)收集我国核电站项目水资源论证的基础资料,了解我国核电站取排水的基本情况。调研了我国现行的与核电选址有关的技术标准,筛选其中与保障水资源安全有关的内容。根据上述资料分析内陆核电选址阶段的不同取排水特点,具体分析放射性核素在各种水体中的迁移扩散行为,放射性废水对关键人群的放射性吸附剂量贡献及应急措施等内容。(2)依据PSR模型理论建立内陆核电选址阶段水资源安全评价指标体系。其中准则层包括三部分：压力指标、状态指标、响应指标。压力指标包括区域水资源紧缺程度、核电用水效率、排污总量、水域环境规划相容性、水源保护、人口布局；状态指标包括受影响灌溉面积、农业节水提高率、影响农业用水量、影响工业用水量、影响生活用水量、生态基流、排污(放)口浓度、排污口下游浓度、纳污能力；响应指标包括排放口设置、应急计划、放射性废液的存储、辐照剂量。(3)根据我国现行的与核电选址有关的技术标准结合最严格水资源管理,制定合理的评价标准并分别构建基于层次分析法和模糊综合分析法的水资源安全评价模型。以某核电站为实例,应用构建的评价模型对其进行水资源安全综合评价,其结果显示两种不同模型的评价结果一致,评价认为选址阶段该核电站水资源安全基本能够得到保障。给出的评价结论相互验证,增加评价系统的准确性和可信度,由此认为该评价体系是可靠合理的。
[Abstract]:With the release of nuclear power safety plan and long-term nuclear power development plan, China's nuclear power construction will gradually return to normal. Stagnant inland nuclear power construction will once again be on the agenda. Inland nuclear power station contains low radioactive waste water, which will affect the safety of downstream water quality. In the event of a serious nuclear power plant accident, it will pose a great threat to the national water resources safety. Therefore, the safety of water resources is closely related to the location of inland nuclear power, which is an important prerequisite for the development of inland nuclear power and an important component of the safety system of inland nuclear power. On the basis of data investigation and literature review, this paper analyzes the drainage situation of nuclear power plants in China, and constructs an evaluation system of water resources safety in the stage of inland nuclear power selection. Based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive analysis (FCA), the water resources safety assessment model of inland nuclear power selection stage is established, and an application case study is carried out. The main research results obtained are as follows: (1) collecting the basic data of water resources argumentation of nuclear power plant project in China to understand the basic situation of draining water in nuclear power plant in China. The current technical standards related to nuclear power site selection in China are investigated, and the contents related to the safety of water resources are screened out. On the basis of the above data, the characteristics of different drainage in inland nuclear power site selection stage are analyzed, and the migration and diffusion behavior of radionuclides in various water bodies is analyzed in detail. According to the PSR model theory, the evaluation index system of water resources safety in the stage of inland nuclear power selection is established. The criterion layer includes three parts: pressure index, state index and response index. The pressure indicators include the degree of water shortage in the region, the efficiency of water use for nuclear power, the total amount of sewage, the compatibility of environmental planning in water areas, the protection of water sources, and the population distribution; the state indicators include affected irrigation areas, and the rate of improvement of water saving in agriculture. Affecting agricultural water consumption, affecting industrial water consumption, affecting domestic water consumption, ecological base flow, sewage (discharge) outlet concentration, downstream concentration of sewage outlet, and capacity to absorb pollution; response indicators include discharge port setting, emergency plan, storage of radioactive waste liquid, According to the current technical standards related to nuclear power site selection and the strictest water resources management in China, the reasonable evaluation criteria are formulated and the water resources safety assessment models based on AHP and fuzzy comprehensive analysis are constructed respectively. Taking a nuclear power plant as an example, the comprehensive evaluation of water resources safety of a nuclear power plant is carried out by using the evaluation model. The results show that the evaluation results of two different models are the same, and the evaluation results show that the water resources safety of the nuclear power plant can be basically guaranteed in the stage of site selection. The evaluation results are mutually verified to increase the accuracy and reliability of the evaluation system. It is concluded that the evaluation system is reliable and reasonable.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TV213.4

【参考文献】