藏地人类学纪录片研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 00:06

本文关键词：藏地人类学纪录片研究　出处：《西南民族大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：文化景观理论体现了对地域文化的多样性和地理景观象征意义的探索和发掘。地理景观作为一种文化产物和综合景象，反映了社会信仰体系和当地文化的运转过程。影像景观是地理景观和人文景观的映照和呈现，其本身也可以理解为是屏幕塑造的一种景观。和地理景观一样，影像景观随着时代的变迁而被赋予了不同的解释。人类学纪录片是通过参与观察对现实生活进行客观地“深描”和理性记录，在真实美学原则的导引下，多面向地展示和呈现影像表现主体及其内在涵义的一种记录文本。藏地人类学纪录片可分为文化类、社会类、自然类和宗教类四种。本文依据笔者对藏区跨地域人文地理景观的田野调查，结合对藏地人类学纪录片百年发展史的梳理，将之放置在社会变迁和景观空间演变的视野下进行观照。并通过对游牧生活、茶马古道、神山圣湖等环境空间和社会生活的描述，勾勒出雪域藏族独特而富有丰富内涵的景观轮廓，以及他们的观念信仰和民族特征等。透视藏地纪录片各个不同时期的发展轨迹，我们可以看到整个藏族社会政治、经济、文化等各方面的变迁，以及这种变迁所引致的藏人自我意识和心理的嬗变。文化复兴后的藏传寺院依然随着季节的轮转进行着恒久的仪式，“吃糌粑的人”面对流转的岁月又是如何保持着他们珍视的传统和信仰。藏地人类学影像从不同的视角呈现了藏区社会变迁中的文化形态和人物命运。文化多样性是各族群和社会借以表现其文化的多种不同的形式，多元文化建构的影像元素使得西藏文化多样性的地域特质通过文化演示的方式得以多维呈现和传播，转型期的藏地民族志纪录片承载了与以往不同的文化内涵和精神价值。藏地影像民族志在呈现藏族社会生活事象和多元文化的同时，也为往昔的历史留下了一份可供拷贝和再度分析的影像文化典籍。论文从喜马拉雅文化保护的角度，阐述了现代影像技术在保存人类文明记忆和记录正在消失的文化等方面所具有的不可替代的角色和重要性。数码影像技术的当代发展为遗产保护和文化传承提供了一个崭新的传播平台，民族志影像化传播对记录和延续史诗“格萨尔”口传文化等非物质文化的精神价值具有重要意义，对茶马古道、唐蕃古道等文化线路的展示也为我们留存了消逝中的民族文化和族群记忆。弗拉哈迪、让·鲁什等纪录片大师为“纪录田野”树立了“分享人类学”的典范，除了时间要素之外，记录的过程也是一个“修缮自我”的过程，它要求创作者以多元文化主义的视角来看待异文化模式，才能真正了解、进入拍摄对象的内心世界。针对“民族志的缺失造成了社会科学知识生产的许多缺陷”这一实际情形，与国内人类学界提出的“用中文重新写文化”相呼应，本文在此基础上提出了“用影像重新写文化”的观点。最后，本文在人类学视野和文化景观理论的支撑下，，对藏族人类学纪录片的影像景观进行了概括和总结。影像景观的形塑既有大传统话语体系的意识形态锻造的作用，也是民间社会小传统力量互动营造的结果。
[Abstract]:The cultural landscape theory reflects the exploration and discovery of the region's cultural diversity and geographical landscape symbols. Geographical landscape as a cultural product and comprehensive picture, reflects the process of social belief system and local culture operation. The image landscape is the geographical landscape and cultural landscape map and presents itself, can also be understood as a landscape screen shaped. As well as geographical landscape, landscape image changes with the times and different explanations have been given. Anthropology documentary is through participation in the observation of real life objectively "deep description and record, in the guidance of true aesthetics principles, a multifaceted display and text record showing the performance of the main and inner meaning. Tibetan anthropology documentary can be divided into cultural, social, natural and religious class four.
According to the field investigation of Tibetan cross regional human geography landscape, the combination of Tibetan anthropology documentary hundred years of development history, from the place in the evolution of social change and landscape view. And through the nomadic life, tea horse road, Koyama lake and other environmental space and social life, outline the snowy Tibetan unique and rich landscape outline rich connotation, as well as their belief and ethnic characteristics.
Study on the development of Tibet documentary in different period trajectory, we can see the whole Tibetan social politics, economy, culture and so on various aspects of change, and the change caused by the change of the Tibetan self consciousness and psychological. Cultural renaissance after the Tibetan temple is still with the season of rotary permanent ceremony, "eat Zanba" facing the circulation of time is how to maintain their cherished traditions and beliefs. Tibetan culture and anthropology image shows the fate of the characters of Tibetan society in transition from a different perspective. Cultural diversity is various ethnic and social culture in order to show the different forms of cultural construction makes multiple image elements Tibet cultural diversity regional characteristics through cultural approach to multidimensional presentation and dissemination, transformation of the Tibetan ethnographic documentary bearing a different The cultural connotation and spiritual value of Tibetan image ethnography in presenting Tibetan social life and multiculturalism also left an image and cultural book for copying and re analyzing the past history.
From the protection of Himalaya cultural angle, elaborated the role and irreplaceable importance of culture and other aspects of modern imaging techniques are disappearing in the preservation of human civilization and memory records. The contemporary development of digital imaging technology provides a new platform for the dissemination of heritage protection and cultural heritage, has important significance to image ethnography the continuation of the epic "Gelsall" communication of oral culture and other non-material cultural spirit and value for the record, the tea horse road, cultural route Tangfangudao the show for us retained the vanishing of national culture and ethnic memory. Jean Rush Flaherty, documentary master "record field" to "share anthropology" a model, in addition to the time factor, the record is also a process of "self repair" process, it requires the creators to Multiculturalism In view of the different cultural patterns, we can truly understand and enter the inner world of the photographed object.
According to the "lack of ethnography caused this situation many defects of social science knowledge production, and puts forward the domestic anthropology" with Chinese re writing culture "echoes, this paper puts forward the" image re writing culture point of view. Finally, this paper in the field of Anthropology and cultural landscape theory under the support of the Tibetan landscape images in anthropological documentaries are summarized. Shape the image landscape both traditional ideology of forging discourse of the role of civil society is the interaction of traditional small forces create results.

【学位授予单位】：西南民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：C912.4;C95

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