少数民族移民社区的成长—瓜州回族东乡族疏勒河移民村的民族学考察

发布时间：2018-01-24 18:42

本文关键词： 少数民族移民社区成长　出处：《兰州大学》2011年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：20世纪80年代初,国家开始对那些自然环境极端恶劣、生存空间十分狭窄的特困地区,实施有计划、有组织的农村人口迁移,以缓解人口压力,并扶持移民异地脱贫。在这样的背景下,甘肃省为了解决中部干旱地区和东南部高寒阴湿山区11个县的贫困问题,实施了“兴西济中、扶贫开发”的战略,先后在河西走廊安置了“两西移民”、疏勒河项目移民、九甸峡项目移民这三大项目移民。疏勒河流域农业综合开发暨移民安置项目自1996年实施以来,在瓜州县6个项目区集中安置积石山、礼县、和政等9个县市移民7547户,并于2005年12月将前4个项目区正式移交给瓜州县,成立了双塔乡、七墩回族东乡族乡、安康村、马家泉村、扎花营村。我们来到的是七墩回族东乡族乡,全乡辖三墩、锦华、汇源三个行政村,其中锦华、汇源为主要的少数民族聚居村。站在社区研究的视角,社区地理空间的构建并不代表着社区社会空间和文化空间的形成,社区更多强调的是多种空间的整合,尤其是来自不同区域不同背景的移民如何协力合作、建立一种有效积极的联系,如何逐渐建立起一种对新环境的认同和归属,从而真正成为“当地人”而非是“暂居者”,我们调查的七墩乡锦华村就是研究这一问题的典型社区,移居到这里的村民经历了数次“摇摆式”的抉择与迁徙之后最终定居。“瓜州人”、“河西人”逐渐成为他们的新身份。这一切的渐变都在呈现一个事实：一个真正的社区正在成长。本文即围绕瓜州县七墩乡少数民族移民社区的成长过程展开研究,撰写的行文主要分为以下几个部分：1、移民在搬与不搬之间的犹豫不决,并考量了利于发展的几个重要指标之后,移民定居了下来,克服种种困难,奋力建设家园；2、移民通过与邻里社区和社区内部的长期互动,形成了集体感和道德感,并对新社区的生产生活状况做出了积极评价；3、社区基层组织及其选举,在移民初期引发了一些矛盾,但随着社区的发展,社区基层组织逐渐发挥着正面的功能,并逐步完善；4、清真寺是穆斯林民族的象征符号,移民在资源相对贫乏的新社区,通过自身努力,建立起了他们的灵魂支柱——清真寺,宗教成了移民长期定居于此的重要基石；5、水及其管理对于戈壁摊上的灌溉农业来说可谓重中之重,移民社区围绕水的管理产生了系列问题,也影响了移民对社区成长的信心,但移民通过外出务工补偿了这方面的欠缺；6、社区的成长还需关注社会性别,移民社区的妇女通过外出打工实现了地位和角色的转换；7、指出社区成长中遇到的困境,并提出移民群体的期望；8、关于社区成长的思考,笔者试图通过以上社区组织、清真寺、水的故事、妇女打工等因素,对移民社区从无到有的成长过程加以反思,同时对民族社区发展、社区整合、社会工作等进行思考。
[Abstract]:In 1980s, the country began to implement a planned and organized migration of rural population to alleviate the population pressure in the extremely harsh natural environment and extremely narrow living space of the special hardship areas. In order to solve the poverty problem in the arid areas of central China and 11 counties in the southeast of China, Gansu Province has implemented the strategy of "Xingxi Ji Zhong, aid-the-poor development". In the Hexi Corridor, "two West immigrants", Shule River project immigrants, Jiudian Gorge project resettlement of these three major projects. Since the implementation of the comprehensive agricultural development and resettlement project in the Shule River Basin in 1996, 7,547 migrants have been resettled in 6 project areas of Guazhou County, including Jishi Mountain, Li County and Hezheng. In December 2005, the first four project areas will be formally transferred to Guazhou County, the establishment of Shuangta Township, Qidun Hui Dongxiang Township, Ankang Village, Majiaquan Village. We come to Qidun Hui Dongxiang Township, three administrative villages under the jurisdiction of the whole township, Jinhua, Huiyuan, among which Jinhua and Huiyuan are the main minority settlement villages. We stand in the perspective of community research. The construction of community geographic space does not represent the formation of community social space and cultural space, the community more emphasis on the integration of multiple spaces, especially from different regions and backgrounds of immigrants how to work together. How to establish an effective and positive relationship, how to gradually establish a kind of identity and belonging to the new environment, so as to truly become "local people" rather than "temporary residents". The village of Jinhua in Qidun Township, which we investigated, is a typical community to study this problem. The villagers who emigrate here have experienced several "swaying" choices and migrations, and finally settled down. "Guazhou people." The "Hexi people" are becoming their new identities. The gradual change in all this presents the fact that a real community is growing. This paper focuses on the development process of minority immigrant communities in Qidun Township of Guazhou County. The main writing is divided into the following parts: 1, immigrants in the move and not to move between the hesitant. After considering several important indicators for development, immigrants settled down, overcome various difficulties and worked hard to build their homes. (2) through the long-term interaction with the neighborhood community and the community, the immigrants formed a sense of group and morality, and made a positive evaluation of the production and living conditions of the new community; (3) Community grass-roots organizations and their elections have caused some contradictions in the initial stage of immigration, but with the development of the community, the community grass-roots organizations gradually play a positive role and gradually improve; 4, Mosque is the symbol of the Muslim nation, immigrants in the relatively poor resources of the new community, through their own efforts, the establishment of their soul pillar-Mosque. Religion became an important cornerstone for immigrants to settle here for a long time. 5. Water and its management are the most important for irrigated agriculture on Gobi stand. Migrant communities have a series of problems around water management, and also affect the confidence of immigrants to community growth. But immigrants compensate for this by going out to work; 6. the growth of the community also needs to pay attention to the gender, the immigrant community women through the migrant workers to achieve the status and role of the transition; 7. to point out the difficulties encountered in the development of the community, and put forward the expectation of the immigrant group; 8. On the reflection of community growth, the author tries to reflect on the growing process of immigrant communities from scratch through the above factors, such as community organizations, mosques, water stories, women working, and so on. At the same time, the development of ethnic communities, community integration, social work and other thinking.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D632.4;C95

【引证文献】