萨尔浒之战研究

发布时间：2018-03-20 17:17

本文选题：萨尔浒之战　切入点：努尔哈赤　出处：《中央民族大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在公元1616年,女真(满族)建立的后金地方政权兴起后,在萨尔浒与明朝中央政权进行了第一次大规模战役,战役的结果是,后金凭借有利的时机、正确的策略和勇猛善战的力量取得关键性的胜利；而明朝军队在遭遇后金军事力量的沉重打击之后,统治集团内部的矛盾日益尖锐,政治更加腐朽没落,从此一蹶不振,节节败退,先失辽东,再失辽西,最后只凭山海关与后金形成对峙。后金进而得以实施“砍伐大树”的策略,五次绕道入关攻掠,最终在农民起义军与后金的内外夹击下,明朝统治走向灭亡。萨尔浒之战本由明朝发动,却以明军惨败告终。此战成为明朝与后金军力、政治形势逆转的节点。此后,明朝对后金的战略态势由主动变为被动,明朝在东北地区的统治逐渐丧失。此战的失利激化了明朝内部矛盾,各种问题更加暴露无遗,由于外族势力不断的进攻,此起彼伏的农民起义使得明王朝难以应对,终于在无休的兵祸中覆灭。渐取战略主动的后金政权乘势加大对明朝统治腹地的进攻,进而入主中原,建立了中国历史上最后一个封建王朝——大清帝国。本文主要有由8部分组成,第一部分是绪论,包括选题的意义、研究现状,主要内容与方法以及创新之处。第二部分主要论述萨尔浒之战前明朝政治经济形势,包括统治秩序、官僚体系、阶级矛盾、对外关系等,从中可以看出战前明朝的统治已经日趋保守与腐败。第三部分主要论述努尔哈赤统一女真,建立后金政权,揭示处于上升期的新政权代替旧政权的某种历史必然。第四部分着重分析后金的对外策略,如对原宗主国大明、盟国蒙古、拉拢对象朝鲜分别采取不同的手法,为自己争取有利的政治环境和军事处境。第五部分是本文的重点,详细论述了萨尔浒之战的过程。第六部分分析了战争胜败的原因,从政治、外交、军事等层面阐释双方不同的命运。第七部分主要介绍战争对双方的影响,明朝日渐衰败,后金政权势不可挡。最后是结论部分,作者引入全新的研究思路与方法,将互联网上关于此战的评论、博客等内容搜集起来,在一个较长的时间段内对选题进行对比分析,以此揭示思想文化的独有发展脉络以及与鲜活社会生活之间密不可分、纷繁复杂的关系。
[Abstract]:In 1616, after the rise of the local regime of the late Jin Dynasty established by Nu Zhen (Manchu), the first large-scale campaign was carried out between Salhu and the Central Government of the Ming Dynasty. The result of the campaign was that the latter Jin Dynasty relied on favorable opportunities. The correct strategy and the force of bravery and good war won a crucial victory; and after the Ming Dynasty army suffered a heavy blow from the military forces of the later Jin Dynasty, the contradictions within the ruling group became increasingly acute, the politics became more decadent and declined, and from then on it collapsed. In the end, only Shanhaiguan and Houjin were able to implement the strategy of "cutting down big trees," and five times of detours and raids were carried out. Finally, the peasant rebels and the Houjin fought inside and outside the peasants' Rebellion and Houjin. The rule of the Ming Dynasty went to ruin. The battle of Salhu was started by the Ming Dynasty, but ended in a tragic defeat of the Ming army. It became the node of the military power and the political situation of the Ming Dynasty and the later Jin Dynasty. Since then, the strategic posture of the Ming Dynasty towards the later Jin Dynasty has changed from active to passive. The rule of the Ming Dynasty in the Northeast region was gradually lost. The defeat in this war intensified the internal contradictions of the Ming Dynasty and exposed all kinds of problems. As a result of the incessant offensives of foreign forces, the successive peasant uprisings made it difficult for the Ming Dynasty to deal with them. Finally, in the endless scourge of war, the late Jin regime gradually took the initiative of strategy to increase the attack on the Ming Dynasty's ruling hinterland, and then took over the Central Plains, and established the last feudal dynasty in Chinese history-the Qing Empire. The first part is the introduction, including the significance of the topic, research status, main contents and methods and innovations. The second part mainly discusses the political and economic situation of the Ming Dynasty before the War of Salhu. Including the ruling order, bureaucratic system, class contradictions, foreign relations and so on, we can see that the rule of the Ming Dynasty before the war has become increasingly conservative and corrupt. The third part mainly discusses the unification of Nuerhachi and the establishment of the later Jin regime. The 4th part focuses on the analysis of the foreign strategies of the late Jin Dynasty, such as the foreign strategies of the former sovereign state Daming, the allied country Mongolia, and the object of the DPRK, respectively, using different methods to win over the former sovereign state, the Democratic people's Republic of Korea (DPRK), and the Democratic people's Republic of Korea (DPRK). To strive for a favorable political environment and military situation for himself. Part 5th is the focus of this article, which discusses in detail the process of the Battle of Sarhu. Part 6th analyzes the reasons for the victory and defeat of the war, from the perspective of politics and diplomacy. The 7th part mainly introduces the influence of war on both sides, the Ming Dynasty is declining day by day, and the later Jin regime is unstoppable. Finally, it is the conclusion that the author introduces new research ideas and methods. Collect the comments and blogs about the war on the Internet, compare and analyze the topics in a long period of time, so as to reveal the unique development of ideology and culture and the inseparable relationship with fresh social life. A complicated relationship.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：C95

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