论罗尔斯正义理论中权利平等与道德卓越的内在关联

发布时间：2018-01-15 15:09

本文关键词：论罗尔斯正义理论中权利平等与道德卓越的内在关联　出处：《复旦学报(社会科学版)》2017年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：在《正义论》第三编中,罗尔斯通过关联"善"和"正当"这两个概念阐释了其道德价值概念,并由此将"卓越"这一道德理念纳入其义务论的伦理评价体系,这使他能够比较容易地处理"分外的行为"这样的道德问题。但是,另一方面,这一对卓越的追求以及与此相关的对个体内在价值的区分和评判却可能与作为罗尔斯正义理论基础的平等观相抵牾。为了避免冲突,罗尔斯通过区分政治与道德,以及道德的正当与就其自身而言并无道德意义的价值(善)概念等策略,寻求一种可以在坚持个体平等的权利之同时容纳价值和道德价值的区分以及对卓越的追求的可能性。本文在重构这些经常隐蔽于其文本中的策略之同时也揭示了它们的局限性,因为与其他价值(善)不同,道德价值既是一种价值(善),又是已经受到正当制约因而是道德的价值,所以,我们不可能在权利问题上如同悬搁其他价值差别一样不考虑道德价值的人际差异。鉴于这一困难,本文尝试借助于罗尔斯所阐释的两种道德情操,即正义感和人类之间的相继关系来显明罗尔斯所言的两种道德观,即"分外的道德"与"互惠和平等的道德"融合于一个整全的道德概念之中的可能性。如果我们将尊严视为一个基于人类之爱的理念,而不只是罗尔斯所言的基于道德能力最低值的政治与法律权利,那么,平等的自由与卓越追求之间就不仅互不抵牾,而且可能相辅相成,因为卓越最终是在平等的自由中所追求的完善和自我完善,而平等的权利则构成了个体自由地同时也是在与他人的关系中追求卓越的必不可少的条件。
[Abstract]:In the third part of < > justice, Rawls through the association of "goodness" and "justice" of these two concepts, explains the concept of moral value, and thus the "excellence" of the moral concept into its obligatory ethics evaluation system, which enables him to easily deal with "special behavior" moral problems this. But, on the other hand, the pursuit of excellence and the related to the individual intrinsic value distinction and evaluation may conflict with Rawls's theory of justice as the basic concept of equality. In order to avoid the conflict between politics and morality, by Rawls, and the value of morality and justice in itself is not the moral significance of (good) the concept of strategy, looking for a way to insist on equal rights of individuals at a distinguished value and moral value and possibility of the pursuit of excellence. In the reconstruction of these often hidden in the At the same time, the text of the strategy also reveals their limitations, as with other value (good), moral value is a value (good) and has been justified, but due to the restriction of moral value, therefore, we can not in rights as suspension of its value as he does not consider the difference interpersonal differences in moral value. In view of this problem, this paper attempts to two kinds of moral sentiments by Rawls explains, which have the relationship between justice and humanity to reveal Rawls's two kinds of moral values, the possibility that "exceptionally moral" and "mutual and equal moral" into a whole the whole moral concept. If we take the dignity as a human love based on ideas, not just Rawls's political and legal rights, moral capacity based on the minimum value, freedom and equality of the pursuit of excellence It not only are not contradictory, and may complement each other, because ultimately is the perfect pursuit of excellence in equality and freedom and self perfection, and equal rights constitute individual freedom but also in relationships with others in the pursuit of the essential conditions of excellence.

【作者单位】：复旦大学哲学学院;
【分类号】：B82-02
【正文快照】： (1)尤其在《正义论》第三编中,罗尔斯经常并用“正当与正义”(right and justice)。一般而言,我们在政治的语境中使用正义与非正义(just orunjust),在道德的语境中则使用正当与不正当(right and w rong)。罗尔斯也基本上沿袭了这一用法。但在罗尔斯的正义理论中,正义原则主要

【相似文献】