胡锦涛伦理思想研究

发布时间：2018-01-26 23:13

本文关键词： 公平效率幸福尊严人权责任和谐社会生态文明　出处：《武汉大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：胡锦涛的时代是中国多层面的系统性问题集中凸显乃至爆发的时代。在这样的时代里,面对一系列经济社会高速发展累积下来的高风险性难题,胡锦涛领导下的中国却平稳地实现了自身的转型,使中国在保持自身经济社会的平稳高速发展的同时以一种世人服膺的大国风范融入国际社会。论文以为,中国社会的这种平稳转型,与胡锦涛坚持以人为本,提出科学发展观,“八荣八耻”,大力倡导社会主义的核心价值观,及执政风格具有鲜明的伦理特质密切相关。为此,论文通过对胡锦涛经济伦理、政治伦理、社会伦理与生态伦理的考察来展示胡锦涛执政思想的这种伦理特质。如何处理效率与公平的关系问题是胡锦涛经济伦理领域最为核心的内容。在对这个问题的处理上,胡锦涛注重市场主导效率与政府主导公平相结合,通过加大公平的砝码来改变国民经济增量分配严重不公的状况,以此解决中国经济高速发展累积下来的问题；通过归还基本的社会公平来实现社会关系的有效整合,借助于社会各种力量的良性互动来寻求效率与公平的动态平衡。胡锦涛对效率与公平问题的这种处理方式,实际上体现了他对中国经济发展终极目标的思考,即面对巨大的经济社会变迁应当如何评价、如何引导其走向?胡锦涛对此的回答是让民众有尊严地活着、过一种幸福的体面生活。而幸福与尊严问题在中国出现于经济贫富落差的特殊境遇之下,为此,胡锦涛以不让民众因经济贫困而丧失尊严为核心来解决中国民众的幸福与尊严问题。但真正说来,这种贫困即导致尊严缺失的贫困并不是一种仅仅根源于对经济发展成果的非均衡性分享的物质性贫困,而更多的是一种权利与精神的贫困,是经济话语权与精神家园缺失的贫困。因此,对中国民众而言,实现一种更有尊严的、更幸福的体面生活,最根本的或许还应当在于获得一种平等的经济话语权。然而,在中国特殊的国情之下,经济话语权与政治话语权密不可分,甚至可以说政治话语权是经济话语权的基础。为此,胡锦涛在政治领域主要致力于对人的基本权利的肯定以及为民众基本权利的实现提供制度性保障。胡锦涛在这方面的努力集中体现为使人权在中国从政治问题向法律问题转向以及从法律权利向道德权利回归,并致力于对行政腐败问题的治理,力图为民众能够幸福而尊严地生活提供制度层面的权利保障。如果说胡锦涛对公平与效率问题的处理、将人权从政治问题向道德权利的回归以及对行政腐败的治理,更多地是从政府的角度为民众的幸福尊严生活提供经济层面与政治层面的制度性环境,那么,社会责任问题与和谐社会的构建则是胡锦涛力图在国民经济高速发展的贫富分化境遇之下为民众对幸福尊严生活的稳定性期待创造一种平稳安乐的社会环境。在这方而,如何在以经济指标建设小康社会、使国民经济生活普遍达至殷实状态的同时实现全体国民基于利益均衡之上的和谐安乐,是胡锦涛思考的核心问题。对于这个问题,胡锦涛致力于构建责任型政府敦促政府在社会领域的政治责任、强化企业责任意识诠释财富的社会责任、加强公民职业道德教育与社会公德建设,把和谐社会的构想提升为中国社会发展的战略性目标,以“和谐”的理念设定了中国特色社会主义发展的价值取向,以“和谐劳动关系”与“和谐人伦关系”规定了中国社会不同群体、不同个体之间关系的基调。与此同时,胡锦涛围绕着经济发展与资源环境、人与自然的和谐问题,在从经济、政治、社会层面为民众的幸福尊严生活提供现实保障的同时,以经济高速发展进程中的生存权与发展权为内核构建起一种新型的生态文明,为民众幸福尊严生活的可持续性提供一个可预期的稳定性期待。胡锦涛经济伦理、政治伦理、社会伦理与生态伦理的关切点始终在于人自身的福祉与社会的公平正义。可以说,以实现社会的公平正义与民众的幸福尊严为标尺来处理中国经济社会高速发展的累积性问题是胡锦涛执政伦理的最根本特质。这种伦理特质是中国政治伦理一体化的儒学传统在全球经济一体化的历史境遇中更生自新的惊人努力,正是这种努力使得胡锦涛领导下的中国能够以一种走向国际化、世界化的包容性姿态与一种普遍性的道德原则谋求自身的平稳发展、促进人类社会的和平进程,以一种和谐世界的理念向国际社会展示了中国渴望永久和平的真诚姿态。
[Abstract]:The Hu Jintao era is a systemic problem Chinese level and focus on highlighting the outbreak of the era. In this era, facing the high risk of a series of problems of economic and social development accumulated, under the leadership of Hu Jintao Chinese but smoothly realize the transformation of their own, so that Chinese in maintaining their own economic and social steady and rapid development at the same time in a world subject country into the international community. The thought that this Chinese smooth transition of the society, and Hu Jintao proposed to adhere to the people-oriented, Scientific Outlook on Development, "Eight Honors and Eight Disgraces", vigorously advocated socialist core values, and the ruling style with distinctive characteristics of ethics are closely related. Therefore, based on the Hu Jintao's economic ethics, political ethics, social ethics and ecological ethics study to show the ethical qualities of Hu Jintao ruling thought.
How to deal with the relationship between efficiency and fairness is the core of Hu Jintao's economic ethics field. In the treatment of the problem, Hu Jintao pays attention to market efficiency and fair government combined by increasing the fair weights to change the increment distribution of national economy serious unfair condition, in order to solve the Chinese accumulated rapid economic development the problem of social justice; through the return to the basic realization of the effective integration of social relations, the benign interaction with various social forces to seek a dynamic balance between efficiency and fairness. The Hu Jintao efficiency and fair dealing with the problem, actually reflects the ultimate goal of the development of his thinking Chinese economy, is facing huge economic how should the social change evaluation, how to guide them to Hu Jintao? The answer is to allow people to live with dignity, have a kind of happiness A decent life. Under special circumstances, and happiness and dignity problems appeared in the economic gap between rich and poor in Chinese for Hu Jintao to keep people due to economic poverty and loss of dignity as the key to solve the problem of people's happiness and dignity China. But actually, this is caused by the lack of dignity of poverty poverty is not a only in non equilibrium of root share the fruits of economic development of the material poverty, but more is a kind of rights and spiritual poverty, economic discourse and spiritual home of the lack of poverty. Therefore, the China people, to achieve a more dignified, more happy the most fundamental perhaps a decent life, it should also be to get an equal economic discourse. However, Chinese under special conditions, economic discourse and political discourse are inseparable, and even can be said that the political discourse is the economic discourse power base The foundation. Therefore, Hu Jintao in the political field mainly focuses on the basic rights of the people and for the people of certain basic rights provides institutional guarantee. Hu Jintao's efforts in this area is mainly reflected in the Chinese to make human rights from political to legal issues and legal right to return from the moral rights, and is committed to the governance of the problem of administrative corruption, happiness and dignity of life to provide protection for the public rights system.
Hu Jintao said that if the treatment of the problem of fairness and efficiency, human rights will return from political issues to moral rights and governance of administrative corruption, is more from the perspective of the government for the people's happiness and dignity in life to provide institutional environment, economic level and political level, the construction of social responsibility and harmonious society is Hu Jintao tried to create a stable and peaceful social environment under the rapid development of the national economy situation for people on the polarization between the rich and the poor stability of happiness dignity of life. In this aspect, how in the economic indicators of the construction of well-off society, the national economy and life in general to achieve the national solid state based on the balance of interests. The peace and harmony, is the core of Hu Jintao's thinking. For this problem, Hu Jintao is committed to the construction of the responsible government urged the government in the social field of politics Governance responsibility, strengthening corporate responsibility consciousness interpretation wealth social responsibility, strengthening occupation moral education and citizen morality construction, to promote the concept of constructing a harmonious society is the strategic goal to China social development. The idea of "harmonious" set the value orientation of the development of socialist Chinese characteristics, with "harmonious labor relations" and "harmonious human relations" the provisions of the China different social groups, the relationship between different individuals of the tone. At the same time, Hu Jintao on economic development and resource environment, harmony between man and nature, in the governance of politics from economy, society, level to provide practical protection of people's life happiness and dignity and rights to survival and development process with rapid economic development the kernel to construct a new ecological civilization, sustainable people happiness and dignity in life to provide a stability can be expected.
Hu Jintao's economic ethics, political ethics, social ethics and ecological ethics concerns the well-being and social justice is always one's own. It can be said that the justice and the people to achieve social happiness dignity as the yardstick to processing accumulated problems in high-speed development of Chinese economic society is the most fundamental characteristics of Hu Jintao's Ruling Ethics. This is amazing to China ethical qualities of political ethics of Confucianism in the traditional rehabilitation integration in the global economic integration in the new historical circumstances, it is the efforts made under the leadership of Hu Jintao Chinese in a move toward internationalization, the moral principles of the world inclusive attitude and a universal pursuit of steady development of its own, to promote human society the peace process in a harmonious world concept to the international community show Chinese sincere desire to perpetual peace. Attitude

【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B82-092

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