哈奇森道德情感论研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 13:29

本文关键词： 哈奇森道德感官情感仁爱公共善　出处：《河北大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：哈奇森在吸收洛克的“感官”思想和莎夫茨伯里“道德感”思想的基础上,建立了新的感官学说,认为道德感官可以使我们知觉到他人身上的善或恶。他发现道德感官判断善恶的基础是某种感情。为了找到这种情感,他对情感进行了细致的分析,发现道德行为动机、道德评价的对象与目的皆以情感为基础,由此,哈奇森继而发现了情感才是道德的根源。在所有的情感中,哈奇森发现只有公共善的仁爱可以超越所有的特殊激情,它才是真正的道德情感。他也对当时的理性主义观点进行了批判,认为理性在道德中仅起辅助作用,而非决定作用。由于被哈奇森称为道德情感的无私的仁爱最终所指的对象是世俗善和延伸而来的社会公共善,因此,立足于人的本性构造,一方面哈奇森认为为了公共善或整体善,造物主在人们的心中植入了各种仁爱的情感,这些情感为整个人类的幸福提供了保障;另一方面哈奇森秉承古典宇宙和谐观的思想确立自己的自然观,认为人与自然应和谐相处。他还将情感引入政治伦理,他通过对各种权利的分类,以便试图找到德性政府的边界。应该说哈奇森最大的贡献就是在人性的基础上确立了情感为道德的根源,深刻地质疑了传统的道德理性论和知识论。他将人的社会性与情感结合,从伦理学领域跨越到了社会学、政治学领域。但是由于他采用了自然科学主义的研究方法,导致他找到的道德情感是不完整的,他也因此从原本超功利的出发点走向了功利的计算得来的结果。哈奇森的道德情感论虽然未得到广泛的认可,但他对后世产生了巨大的影响。休谟和斯密深受哈奇森道德情感论的影响,在对哈奇森道德感官的吸收批判基础上,创立了不同的同情道德理论,使得道德情感主义得到了进一步的继承和发扬。到了当代,斯洛特建立在移情和关怀观念的德性伦理学为道德情感主义理论的发展提供了一个新的方向。
[Abstract]:On the basis of absorbing Locke's "sense" thought and Shaftsbury's "moral sense", Hutchison established a new sense sense theory. He finds that the moral senses judge good and evil on the basis of some kind of emotion. In order to find this kind of emotion, he makes a careful analysis of emotion and finds out the motive of moral behavior. The object and purpose of moral evaluation were based on emotion, and Hutchison then discovered that emotion was the root of morality. Of all emotions, Hutchison found that only public kindness could transcend all special passions. It is the real moral emotion. He also criticizes the rationalism of the time, arguing that reason only plays an auxiliary role in morality. Because the selfless benevolence which Hutchison called moral emotion ultimately refers to the secular good and the extended social public good, therefore, based on the structure of human nature, On the one hand, Hutchison believes that for the sake of public good or the whole good, the Creator has implanted various kinds of benevolent feelings in the hearts of people, which provide the guarantee for the happiness of the whole human being. On the other hand, Hutchison established his own view of nature by adhering to the idea of harmony in the classical universe, and believed that man and nature should live in harmony. He also introduced emotion into political ethics, and he classified all kinds of rights. In order to try to find the boundary of the virtuous government. It should be said that Hutchison's greatest contribution is the establishment of emotion as the moral root on the basis of human nature. He deeply questioned the traditional theory of moral rationality and knowledge. He combined the social and emotional aspects of human beings from the field of ethics to the fields of sociology and political science. But because he adopted the research method of naturalism, The moral feelings he found were incomplete, and he moved from the original point of view of super-utilitarianism to the result of utilitarian calculations. Hutchison's theory of moral emotion was not widely accepted. But he had a great influence on later generations. Hume and Smith were deeply influenced by Hutchison's moral emotion theory. On the basis of absorbing and criticizing Hutchison's moral senses, they created different moral theories of sympathy. At present, Slote's moral ethics based on empathy and caring provides a new direction for the development of moral emotionalism.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B82-0

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