罗尔斯顿自然价值观评析

发布时间：2018-03-20 20:22

本文选题：罗尔斯顿　切入点：自然价值　出处：《郑州大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：传统的西方哲学和伦理学把价值归为人类活动领域,价值即对于人类而言,是以人为主体作为衡量标准的一种关系。而罗尔斯顿提出的自然价值观打破了这种固有思维的局限,将伦理学的范畴扩展到整个生态领域,看到了自然界自身具有的复杂多样化的价值,并从人与自然共存的角度出发,诠释了其生态理念,从根本上强调了自然的价值。罗尔斯顿的自然价值观的形成与其成长的现实环境密不可分,他所生活的时代背景促成了其生态伦理思想体系。同时,在此现实基础上,罗尔斯顿吸收和借鉴了东西方文化中关于生态的思想,并最终树立了自己的自然价值观。罗尔斯顿的伟大贡献就在于,使道德视域扩大到人与自然的关系问题上,并且超越了其他的西方环境伦理学思想,道德关怀的对象不仅包括自然界中的生命个体,同时从整体主义的角度,更加关注了整个自然生态系统,提出人们对于自然的道德义务,期望人与自然和谐共存。一方面,他从理论层面强调了人类对于自然中非人存在物应有的基本态度以及对其应尽的义务,另一方面,将这种自然价值观引入现实层面,应用于政策抉择、商业以及个人活动中,对于理论和实践的结合途径进行了有益探索,试图把生态伦理理念落实到人们日常实践。因此,罗尔斯顿的自然价值理念也具有一定现实意义。然而,罗尔斯顿的这种自然价值论面临着实践困境,他虽然抛弃了传统的以人类为中心的主客二分思维范式,但同时陷入另外一种极端,在他那里,自然成了纯粹的主体,人成了客体。否定了旧的思维范式,但新的理论体系不够成熟,最终导致难以诉诸实践。
[Abstract]:Traditional western philosophy and ethics classify value as the field of human activity, and value is a relationship between human being and human being as the standard of measurement, and the natural values put forward by Rolston break the limitation of this kind of inherent thinking. By extending the scope of ethics to the whole ecological field, we can see the complex and diverse value of nature itself, and interpret its ecological concept from the point of view of the coexistence of man and nature. The formation of Rolston's natural values is inextricably related to the realistic environment in which he grew up, and the background of his life contributed to his ecological ethics thought system. At the same time, on the basis of this reality, Rolston absorbed and drew lessons from the ideas of ecology in eastern and western cultures, and finally established his own natural values. Rolston's great contribution was to expand the moral horizon to the question of the relationship between man and nature. And beyond other western environmental ethics, the object of moral concern not only includes the living individuals in nature, but also pays more attention to the whole natural ecosystem from the perspective of holism. On the one hand, he emphasizes the basic attitude of human beings towards non-human beings in nature and their obligations towards non-human beings, on the other hand, on the other hand, he emphasizes the basic attitude of human beings towards the non-human beings in nature and their obligations to them, on the other hand, Introducing this natural value into reality and applying it to policy choices, business and personal activities, this paper makes a beneficial exploration of the combination of theory and practice, and attempts to put the ecological ethics concept into daily practice. Rolston's concept of natural value also has some practical significance. However, Rolston's theory of natural value is facing a practical dilemma, although he has abandoned the traditional human-centered thinking paradigm of subject-object dichotomy. But at the same time, in the other extreme, he naturally becomes the pure subject, man becomes the object, and negates the old thinking paradigm, but the new theoretical system is not mature enough, and it is difficult to resort to practice.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B82-058

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