现代生物技术的伦理问题探析

发布时间：2018-04-24 20:31

本文选题：现代生物技术 + 伦理问题　；参考：《太原科技大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：现代生物技术是在分子生物学基础上建立，创建新的生物类型或新生物机能的实用技术，是现代生物科学和工程技术相结合的产物。现代生物技术已经成为高技术领域的核心，特别是人类基因组计划的初步完成，标志着人类历史由认识客体、改造客体的时代转向认识主体、改造主体的新时代。随着现代生物技术的应用越来越广泛，人类对现代生物技术的生物安全性的关注及产生的伦理问题也越来越关注。现代生物技术已经深深触动了人与自然的关系，以及人自身的生命本质问题。目前我国对现代生物技术的研究主要是在科学技术层面，，而在哲学、伦理层面的研究还有待加强。如何对现代生物技术有一个全面客观的认识，如何使其朝着有利于人类社会和谐发展的方向进步就成为了一个重要的课题。从现代生物技术的本质特征出发，对它的发展及其带来的问题进行探究，不仅对科技伦理问题的研究有着重大的意义，还对社会的和谐发展有着重要的现实意义。本文首先介绍了本课题研究的学术背景及意义，国内外的研究现状和学界的主要观点，本文的研究内容及方法。然后对现代生物技术进行概述，并对新型生物技术及其发展趋势进行展望。接下来对现代生物技术对社会发展的影响进行分析。随后提出了现代生物技术带来的伦理学问题，包括现代生物技术引发的伦理学争议，现代生物技术与人的冲突，现代生物技术与自然环境的冲突以及各国对待现代生物技术的态度。然后对现代生物技术引发伦理问题的成因进行了分析。进一步提出了现代生物技术应遵循的基本原则，分别是责任原则、不伤害原则、前瞻性原则、生态原则、公正原则和平等原则。对现代生物技术所面临的伦理问题，提出了相应的对策，分别是加强科技法律法规建设，提升科研工作者的道德责任意识、加强国际合作和强化社会责任机制。通过对现代生物技术的伦理构建，使其能够更好的推动人类社会的发展。
[Abstract]:Modern biotechnology is a practical technology based on molecular biology to create new biological types or new biological functions. It is the result of the combination of modern biological science and engineering technology. Modern biotechnology has become the core of the high-tech field, especially the preliminary completion of the human genome project, which marks a new era in which human history has changed from the era of cognition and transformation of object to that of cognitive subject and subject. With the application of modern biotechnology, people pay more and more attention to the biosafety of modern biotechnology and the ethical problems. Modern biotechnology has deeply touched the relationship between man and nature, as well as the nature of human life. At present, the research on modern biotechnology in China is mainly on the level of science and technology, while the research on philosophy and ethics needs to be strengthened. How to have a comprehensive and objective understanding of modern biotechnology and how to make progress towards the direction conducive to the harmonious development of human society has become an important subject. Starting from the essential characteristics of modern biotechnology, it is of great significance not only to study the ethical issues of science and technology, but also to develop the society harmoniously. This paper first introduces the academic background and significance of this research, domestic and foreign research status and the main points of view of the academic community, the research content and methods of this paper. Then it summarizes the modern biotechnology, and looks forward to the new biotechnology and its development trend. Then the impact of modern biotechnology on social development is analyzed. Then the ethical problems brought about by modern biotechnology are put forward, including the ethical disputes caused by modern biotechnology, the conflicts between modern biotechnology and human beings, The conflict between modern biotechnology and natural environment and the attitude of countries towards modern biotechnology. Then the causes of ethical problems caused by modern biotechnology are analyzed. The basic principles of modern biotechnology are the principle of responsibility, the principle of no harm, the principle of foresight, the principle of ecology, the principle of justice and the principle of equality. This paper puts forward the corresponding countermeasures to the ethical problems faced by modern biotechnology, which are to strengthen the construction of science and technology laws and regulations, to enhance the consciousness of moral responsibility of scientific research workers, to strengthen international cooperation and to strengthen the mechanism of social responsibility. Through the ethical construction of modern biotechnology, it can better promote the development of human society.
【学位授予单位】：太原科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：B82-057

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