论列维纳斯伦理学的新形而上学意义

发布时间：2018-05-06 13:26

本文选题：他人 + 伦理学　；参考：《道德与文明》2017年01期

【摘要】：对列维纳斯来说,真正的道德只能植根于个人与他人之间的不可比拟的相互关系之中,至善只能在他人的无限王国中才能实现。列维纳斯把呈现在人人面前的"他人"提升为高于"存在"和类似"无限"的新形而上学基本概念,试图创建将伦理学设为"第一哲学"的崭新世界观,颠覆西方传统哲学的基本原则,同时也彻底批判西方政治哲学的基本范畴,不再从传统"自然权利论"出发,强调自由作为人所追求的基本价值,不能单纯依据个人主体性的原则去探索,而是首先必须把"他人"置于至高无上的地位,把"他人"的存在当成考察个人自由的绝对条件,让"他人"的脸的显现成为实行德行和自由的永恒威慑力量,使"无条件尊重他人"成为自身进行德性实践的最高目标,以确保自身的自由变成为朝向"无限的他人世界"的超越活动。
[Abstract]:For Levinas, true morality can only be rooted in the incomparable interrelationship between the individual and others, and the greatest good can only be achieved in the infinite kingdom of others. Levinas elevated the "other" in front of everyone to a new metaphysical basic concept above "being" and similar to "infinity", and attempted to create a new world outlook with ethics as "first philosophy". Subverting the basic principles of western traditional philosophy and criticizing the basic category of western political philosophy thoroughly, no longer starting from the traditional "theory of natural rights", emphasizing freedom as the basic value pursued by human beings. We should not simply explore according to the principle of individual subjectivity, but must first of all put "others" in the supreme position and regard the existence of "others" as the absolute condition for examining individual freedom. Let the appearance of the face of "others" become an eternal deterrent to the practice of virtue and freedom, and make "unconditional respect for others" the supreme goal of one's own moral practice, To ensure that one's freedom becomes a transcendental activity towards the infinite world of others.
【作者单位】：上海交通大学讲席教授兼欧洲文化高等研究院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重点项目(14ZDB018)
【分类号】：B82-06

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