我国医院伦理委员会的作用研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 23:10

本文选题：医院伦理委员会 + 教育培训　；参考：《河北经贸大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着医学科技的发展，医学领域出现了很多伦理难题，迫切需要医学伦理来研究并解决这些问题，但任何正确的、科学的医学伦理理论都只是一种抽象的、思想层面的东西，这些思想和理论都应在实践中验证和发展，这些思想和理论也只有在实践中才能真正发挥作用。医院伦理委员会是一个可以将医学伦理理论应用于实践，进而解决医疗领域的伦理难题的组织机构。国外一些国家从20世纪70年代就建立了医院伦理委员会，在医疗实践中发挥了很多作用，在我国，随着医学的发展和现实的需要，很多医院和其他医疗机构相继建立了医院伦理委员会。本文在积极借鉴国内外相关研究成果的基础上，对我国医院伦理委员会的作用进行了较为全面、深入的探讨。笔者认为医院伦理委员会是医学伦理理论在实践中发挥作用的载体，是众多医学伦理委员会中的一种类型。医院伦理委员会在我国的发展经历了两个阶段，第一个阶段是萌芽阶段，第二个阶段是成长阶段，目前仍处于成长期。我国医院伦理委员会具有民主性、独立性、权威性和义务性等特征，其作用的发挥离不开各种制度规范的指导和约束以及各项功能的开展。我国医院伦理委员会的作用主要表现在四个方面：从医院发展角度来说，可以帮助医院制定符合伦理的政策，为医院发展提供伦理导向；可以促进医院医疗服务质量的提高，为医院发展提供信誉保障；可以帮助医院解决医患矛盾，为医院发展构建和谐环境。从医学科研角度来说，可以保证医学研究的科学性和伦理性，另外，医院伦理委员会还可以提高医务人员和医学科研人员的伦理素养、保护患者和受试者权益。然而，我国医院伦理委员会作用发挥又有着局限性，一是作用范围有限，二是作用发挥不均衡，三是作用发挥不充分，四是作用惠及人群有限，五是作用发挥容易受到人为干扰。究其原因，一方面是制度不完善，表现为缺乏位阶较高的法律的约束、现行法规和规章不完善、工作制度不完善；另一方面是缺乏监管，表现为缺少外部监管、缺少内部监督；再一方面是自身组织建设存在问题，表现为机构设置不合理、成员结构不合理；最后一方面是功能不完善，总体上表现为功能开展状况不均衡，具体到各个功能也存在不足之处。为了促进我国医院伦理委员会发挥作用，本文提出了具体的对策和建议，主要有以下四点：一是加强制度建设，包括制定位阶高的法律法规、完善现行法规和规章、完善工作制度；二是加强监管，从外部来说要加强卫生行政部门的监管和社会监督，从内部来说要加强所在医疗机构的监管和自身监督；三是加强自身组织建设，无论是机构设置还是人员构成都要合理；四是完善各项功能，包括完善教育培训功能、完善审查监督功能、完善咨询建议功能、完善研究交流功能。总之，通过建立医院伦理委员会的方式将医学伦理理论应用于实践是正确的，由于医院伦理委员会在我国还是个新生事物，其作用的发挥与各种内部因素和外部因素有关，所以在实践中存在这样或那样的问题是在所难免的。如何使医院伦理委员会更好地发挥作用，，还需要人们不断地探索，寻求更加正确的、科学的方法。
[Abstract]:With the development of medical science and technology , there are many ethical problems in the field of medical science , and there is an urgent need for medical ethics to study and solve these problems , but any correct and scientific theory of medical ethics is only an abstract , ideological level . These thoughts and theories should be verified and developed in practice .

The author thinks that the hospital ethics committee is the carrier of medical ethics theory in practice , and it is one of numerous medical ethics committees . The hospital ethics committee has undergone two stages in China ' s development . The first stage is the embryonic stage , the second stage is the growth stage , and it is still in the long - term . The hospital ethics committee of our country has the characteristics of democracy , independence , authority and compulsory nature .

The role of the hospital ethics committee in our country is mainly manifested in four aspects : from the angle of hospital development , it can help the hospital to formulate ethical policies and provide ethical guidance for the development of the hospital ;
can promote the improvement of the medical service quality of the hospital and provide credit guarantee for the development of the hospital ;
It can help the hospital solve the contradiction of doctor and patient and build a harmonious environment for the development of the hospital . From the angle of medical science research , it is possible to guarantee the scientific and ethical nature of medical research . In addition , the hospital ethics committee can improve the ethical accomplishment of medical personnel and medical researchers , and protect the rights and interests of patients and subjects .

However , the role of the ethics committee of our hospital has its own limitations , one is the limited scope of action , the second is the imbalance of the role , the third is not sufficient , 4 is the role benefit and the population is limited , the fifth is the role to play an easy to be human disturbance . The reason , on the one hand , the system is not perfect , manifested as the lack of the law of higher order , the current regulations and regulations are not perfect , the working system is not perfect ;
On the other hand , lack of supervision , lack of external supervision , lack of internal oversight ;
On the other hand , there is a problem of self - organization construction , which is characterized by an unreasonable structure and an unreasonable membership structure ;
The last thing is that the function is not perfect , the overall performance of the function is not balanced , and the specific function also has the deficiency .

In order to promote the role of China ' s Hospital Ethics Committee , this paper puts forward concrete countermeasures and suggestions , which mainly include the following four points : one is to strengthen the system construction , including the development of high - level laws and regulations , perfect the current regulations and regulations , and perfect the work system ;
The second is to strengthen the supervision , to strengthen the supervision and social supervision of the health administrative department from outside , to strengthen the supervision and self - supervision of the medical institution in which the institution is located ;
Thirdly , it is necessary to strengthen self - organization construction , whether the institution setting or the composition of personnel is reasonable ;
The fourth is to perfect each function , including improving the function of education and training , improving the function of examination and supervision , perfecting the function of consulting suggestion , and perfecting the research and communication function .

In conclusion , the application of medical ethics theory to practice is correct in the way of establishing the hospital ethics committee . As the hospital ethics committee is still a new thing in China , its role is related to various internal factors and external factors , so it is unavoidable in practice . How to make the hospital ethics committee play a better role , it also needs people to explore and seek more correct and scientific methods .

【学位授予单位】：河北经贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B82-057;R-052

【参考文献】