儒家伦理学视域下的“人”论:由此开始甚善

发布时间：2018-05-25 13:59

本文选题：人 + 生成中的人　；参考：《华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2016年03期

【摘要】：人论是儒家伦理学理解中国哲学的钥匙。与西方本体论、目的论宇宙观不同,儒家认为万物是相互依赖的。西方个人是分离的、个体化的个人,而儒家的个人在内在关系、构建性关系中"在",前者不过是对后者的抽象。儒家对人的理解是叙事性的,人不是永恒不变的灵魂,不是"现成的人",而是"生成中的人",儒家伦理学是一种重榜样而轻原则的彻底的经验主义。儒家之"人"同时是"焦点"(focus)和围绕焦点展开的"场域"(field),有利于在关系和角色中的人成长的就是道德的。美德伦理学主张德性(virtue)与早期儒家之"德"相对应,而仁的整体性、叙事性则使儒家伦理与角色伦理相通。评价角色的标准不应是独立于角色的德性,而是所有的复杂性综合起来的关系,角色在关系中的成长才是主要的。借助杜威的直觉经验论,我们确认了经验就是它所是的东西,并且它是真实的。主体的同一性并不在事先,因此,我们主张用"全息焦点"(Holographic Focus)来代替"主体"概念。我们是所有关系的综合,在关系中构成自身,而关系本身是内在的。
[Abstract]:The theory of man is the key to the understanding of Chinese philosophy in Confucian ethics. Unlike western ontology, teleology, Confucianism believes that everything is interdependent. Western individuals are separate and individualized individuals, while Confucian individuals are "in" in their internal relationships and in constructing sexual relations. The former is but an abstraction of the latter. Confucian understanding of human beings is narrative, man is not the eternal soul, not "ready-made person", but "the person in the process". Confucian ethics is a kind of thorough empiricism that emphasizes the example rather than the principle. Confucian "man" is both "focus" and "field", which is beneficial to the growth of people in relationship and role. Virtue ethics argues that virtue is virtual) corresponding to the "virtue" of early Confucianism, while the integrity of benevolence and narration make Confucian ethics and role ethics interlinked. The criterion of role evaluation should not be independent of the moral character of the role, but a comprehensive relationship of all complexity, and the growth of the role in the relationship is the main one. With Dewey's intuitionistic empiricism, we confirm that experience is what it is and that it is real. The identity of the subject is not in advance, so we propose to replace the concept of "subject" with "holographic focus". We are the synthesis of all relationships, in which we form ourselves, and the relationship itself is intrinsic.
【作者单位】：夏威夷大学哲学系;华东师范大学哲学系;
【分类号】：B82-092

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