类实在论对道德非认知主义的辩护及其缺陷

发布时间：2018-06-02 16:22

本文选题：认知主义 + 布莱克本　；参考：《哲学研究》2013年09期

【摘要】：正一、引言伴随分析哲学的兴起,语言的意义演变为哲学研究的新正统,也由此使元伦理学研究的焦点转向了对道德语言的哲学分析。由艾耶尔、斯蒂文森、黑尔形塑的道德非认知主义传统代表了道德语言分析的典范。该理论主张,由于不存在所谓的道德事实,因此道德言辞的意义不在于道德叙事,而在于对主体情感态度的表达。与道德叙事主义(descriptivism)相比,道德非认知主义属于言语行动(speech act)意义理论。在它那里,任何道德句子都是执行对言语者情感态度表达的一个话语性行动,而不是对道德命题的言语表征。因此,"当我说某一种行动是善的或恶的时,我不是在进行任何事实性的陈述,甚至不是在对自己的心理事件进行陈述。我仅仅是在表达一定的道德情感"。(Ayer,p.110)由于完美地顺应了新正统的分析框架,并且为元伦理学分析开创了方法论的典范,道德非认知主义自产生之日起就备受关注和推崇,在此后三十年间里稳居主流。然而,20世纪50年代末60年代初,吉奇(P.T.Geach)在一系列论文中对道德非认知主义的意
[Abstract]:First, with the rise of analytical philosophy, the meaning of language evolves into the new orthodoxy of philosophical research, which makes the focus of meta-ethics study turn to the philosophical analysis of moral language. The tradition of moral non-cognition shaped by Ayer, Stevenson and Hale represents the model of moral language analysis. The theory argues that since there are no so-called moral facts, the meaning of moral rhetoric lies not in moral narration, but in the expression of emotional attitude of the subject. Compared with moral narrative descriptivism, moral non-cognitivism belongs to speech act theory. In it, any moral sentence is a verbal action to express the emotional attitude of the utterance, not a verbal representation of the moral proposition. So, "when I say that an action is good or evil, I am not making any factual statements, or even stating my own psychological events. I am merely expressing certain moral feelings ". Ayer.110) as a result of the perfect adaptation to the new orthodox analytical framework and the creation of a model of methodology for meta-ethical analysis, moral non-cognitivism has received much attention and admiration since the day it came into being. Over the next 30 years, it was firmly in the mainstream. However, in the late 1950s and early 1960s, Gitchen P.T. Geacha wrote a series of papers on moral non-cognitivism.
【作者单位】：南京邮电大学马克思主义学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“当代西方元伦理学的前沿问题专题研究”(编号10YJC720032) 江苏省教育厅高校哲学社会科学研究基金资助项目“道德的哲学基础研究”(编号2012SJB720012)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：B82-0

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