环境人权探幽

发布时间：2018-06-08 17:38

本文选题：人权 + 环境人权　；参考：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：环境人权是人权理论和实践发展的新阶段,是人类社会在发展过程中解决人与自然矛盾和冲突的新的、必然的选择。环境人权作为个体的一项基本权利,保障着人类在自然环境中最低限度的权益要求,是一项不可剥夺的道德权利,是人类尊严的表达。环境人权有着丰富的伦理意涵,它构成应用伦理学的重要组成部分,承担着的应用伦理学解决人与自然冲突和矛盾的重任。环境人权是由传统人权发展而来,但它又不同于传统人权,是对传统人权批判性的继承和超越。这种超越体现在三个方面,即从主客体上消弭了传统人权中二者的分离,实现了人与自然的和谐发展;从时间维度上规避了传统人权对自然资源无限度的开发与利用,实现了人权的可持续发展;从空间维度上打破了传统人权中地域的局限,实现了人权的整体性发展。环境人权具有丰富的伦理意蕴,功利论、道义论、责任论、权利论等构成了环境人权的基本价值基准,而生态伦理思想则构成了环境人权最为重要的理论根基。长期以来,生态伦理学一直存在着人类中心论和自然中心论的争论,正是在这一争论的过程中,环境人权应运而生,成为解决生态伦理内在张力和实践困境的新选择。环境人权从内在价值、道德主体和道德共同体等方面调和了人类中心论和自然中心论的紧张关系,从而在内在逻辑上证成了环境人权的可能性。作为新理念与新思路的环境人权,只有走向实践才能发挥其应有的价值。环境人权的实践大致可以从三个方面来进行,即理念指导层面的生态智慧、制度构建层面的生态正义和终极价值层面的至善追求。生态智慧是环境人权践行过程中的理念指导,它发挥着元理论的根本作用。生态正义所关注的不是抽象的理论思辨问题,而是实践中各种现实生态问题的价值分配与公正解决,是人类从制度层面对环境人权实现路径的建构。至善追求是环境人权的终极价值和目标,它把伦理学意义上的“至善幸福”置于核心位置,保障人类在“应当”范围内的幸福“栖居”和“诗意”生活。环境人权作为一项人权应用伦理学,其本质是处理人与非人自然之间的关系,通过人类的实践行为达到人与非人类自然的和谐统一,最终实现对人的终极关怀。论文通过对环境人权在理论和实践范围内的论证和研究,力图为当代严重的环境问题找到一条新的解决思路,并且进一步把环境与个体的人权联系在一起,使人们通过达到权利而履行义务,提高人们环境保护的自觉性和自主性,在道德权利和义务上约束和规范人们的行为,最终保障每个个体在环境中获得应有的尊严。
[Abstract]:Environmental human rights is a new stage in the development of human rights theory and practice. It is a new and inevitable choice for human society to solve the contradiction and conflict between man and nature in the process of development. Environmental human rights, as a basic right of the individual, guarantee the minimum rights and interests of human beings in the natural environment. It is an inalienable moral right and an expression of human dignity. Environmental human rights have rich ethical implications, which constitute an important part of applied ethics and bear the heavy responsibility of resolving conflicts and contradictions between human beings and nature. Environmental human rights is developed from traditional human rights, but it is different from traditional human rights, and it is a critical inheritance and transcendence of traditional human rights. This transcendence is embodied in three aspects, namely, the separation of traditional human rights from the subject and object, the harmonious development of man and nature, the avoidance of the unlimited exploitation and utilization of natural resources by traditional human rights from the perspective of time. It realizes the sustainable development of human rights, breaks the limitation of region in traditional human rights from the dimension of space, and realizes the holistic development of human rights. Environmental human rights have rich ethical implication, utilitarian theory, deontic theory, responsibility theory, right theory and so on, which constitute the basic value standard of environmental human rights, while ecological ethics thoughts constitute the most important theoretical foundation of environmental human rights. For a long time, there has been a debate between anthropocentrism and natural-centrism in ecological ethics. It is in the process of this debate that environmental human rights emerge as the times require and become a new choice to solve the inherent tension and practical dilemma of ecological ethics. Environmental human rights reconcile the tension between anthropocentrism and natural-centrism from the aspects of intrinsic value, moral subject and moral community, thus proving the possibility of environmental human rights in internal logic. As a new idea and new idea, environmental human rights can play its due value only when it goes to practice. The practice of environmental human rights can be carried out from three aspects, namely, the ecological wisdom at the level of idea guidance, the ecological justice at the level of system construction and the pursuit of the best at the level of ultimate value. Ecological wisdom, which plays a fundamental role in meta-theory, is the guiding concept in the process of environmental human rights practice. What ecological justice pays attention to is not abstract theoretical speculative problem, but the value distribution and fair solution of various realistic ecological problems in practice. It is the construction of the way of realizing environmental human rights from the system level. The pursuit of the utmost good is the ultimate value and goal of environmental human rights. It puts the "supreme good happiness" in the ethical sense at the core position, and ensures the human beings' happiness "dwelling" and "poetic" life within the scope of "should". As an applied ethics of human rights, the essence of environmental human rights is to deal with the relationship between human beings and non-human nature, to achieve the harmonious unity between human beings and non-human nature through human practice, and finally to realize the ultimate concern for human beings. Through the argumentation and research on environmental human rights in theory and practice, this paper tries to find a new way to solve the serious environmental problems, and further links the environment with individual human rights. So that people can fulfill their obligations by fulfilling their rights, improve their consciousness and autonomy of environmental protection, restrain and regulate their behavior in moral rights and obligations, and finally ensure that each individual obtains its due dignity in the environment.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B82-058

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