论克尔凯郭尔的反讽概念之伦理维度

发布时间：2018-06-20 10:10

本文选题：克尔凯郭尔 + 反讽概念　；参考：《云南大学学报(社会科学版)》2017年01期

【摘要】：黑格尔把反讽理解为主体藉以建构与把握自身的最高形式,它的历史起点为苏格拉底,但在浪漫派达到顶峰。在前者,反讽是一种对话的特征,通过言说与所说的颠倒呈现出否定性。在后者,反讽拓展为一种生存风格,它抽象自一切实体性的价值以至于沦为虚无主义。克尔凯郭尔的《反讽概念》秉持了黑格尔的辩证法,但是他却以苏格拉底为反讽的最高原型。他指出,苏格拉底在对话中呈现的反讽是一种以二分法为特征的辩证法,通过引入对答之偶然性,为意义的生成赋予了无限的可能性。由此反讽之无是生成性的。不仅如此,克尔凯郭尔引入了反讽的另一重含义,即"伪装的无知",以此关联于苏格拉底式有学识的无知。这种无知是康德式的对理性之于超验论题的限制,并由此为基于伦理信念的意志决断留出位置。由此,反讽成为一种弃绝有限主体性的生存态度,它蕴含着向死而生的激情,并且以此抗衡智者以私欲替代逻各斯的僭越。在此,苏格拉底的反讽非但不是虚无主义的,而恰是以无捍卫伦理的绝对性。在此基础上,克尔凯郭尔把反讽定义为:以激情为手段,实现对伦理之内在矛盾和解。由此,克尔凯郭尔的反讽是一种有伦理维度的存在论概念。
[Abstract]:Hagel understood irony as the subject to construct and grasp the highest form of his own. Its historical starting point was Socrates, but it reached the peak of the Romantics. In the former, irony is a characteristic of dialogue, and is characterized by the fact that it is spoken and reversed. In the latter, irony is expanded into a living style, it is abstracted from all substantiality. The value of Kerr Kay Gol was reduced to nihilism. The concept of irony held Hagel's dialectics, but he took Socrates as the highest archetype of irony. He pointed out that Socrates's irony in the dialogue was a dialectic characterized by dichotomy, through the introduction of the contingency of the answer to the generation of meaning. The irony is not generative. In addition, Kirkegaard introduced another meaning of irony, the "disguised ignorance", which is associated with the Socratic ignorance of learning. This ignorance is the Kantian restriction of rationality to Transcendentalism, and thus the determination of the will based on ethical beliefs. As a result, irony becomes a subsistence attitude of abandonment of the limited subjectivity, which contains the passion born to death, and to counteract the arrogance of the wise man to replace the logos in private desire. Here, Socrates's irony is not only nihilism, but just the absoluteness of the non defense ethics. On this basis, Kierkegaard is on the basis of the Irony is defined as the realization of the inner contradiction and reconciliation of ethics by means of passion. From this, Kierkegaard's irony is an ethical concept of ontology.
【作者单位】：复旦大学;
【分类号】：B82-0

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