会聚技术的伦理挑战与应对

发布时间：2018-06-20 07:36

本文选题：会聚技术 + 伦理　；参考：《科学通报》2016年15期

【摘要】：21世纪初以来,以纳米技术、生物技术、信息技术和认知科学的融合为代表的"会聚技术(converging technology)"在全世界范围内得到了迅猛发展.会聚技术以提升人的能力、改善人的生存环境为主要目标.但是由于它涉及到重塑和改造人的内在自然,因而相关的伦理问题也更加突出.文章从统一科学、人机整合以及技术对社会的嵌入三个方面分析了"会聚技术"的特征,对会聚技术带来的相关伦理问题,包括人类增强的目的和对象、人的完整性问题、隐私、自由和道德责任、社会公正以及后果的控制等问题进行了讨论.在综合分析了美国、欧盟等提出的应对措施的基础上,提出应该动态地构建一套基于行动的技术伦理学框架.为此,必须完善伦理学和科学技术相结合的跨学科合作机制,发展跨学科的视角与方法,加强科学启蒙,构建公众参与的讨论平台,完善会聚技术的相关法律和制度建设,以促进全社会共同参与和应对会聚技术中的伦理问题.
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of the 21st century, "converging technology", represented by the fusion of nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology and cognitive science, has been developed rapidly all over the world. The main goal of convergence technology is to improve people's ability and living environment. But because it involves remolding and reconstructing human's inner nature, the related ethical problems are more prominent. This paper analyzes the characteristics of "convergence technology" from three aspects of unified science, human-computer integration and the embedding of technology into society, and analyzes the ethical problems brought about by convergence technology, including the purpose and object of human enhancement, the problem of human integrity. Privacy, freedom and moral responsibility, social justice and control of consequences are discussed. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the countermeasures proposed by the United States and the European Union, it is proposed that a set of framework of technology ethics based on action should be constructed dynamically. Therefore, it is necessary to perfect the interdisciplinary cooperation mechanism of ethics and science and technology, to develop interdisciplinary perspectives and methods, to strengthen the scientific enlightenment, to build a discussion platform for public participation, and to perfect the construction of relevant laws and systems of convergence technology. In order to promote the participation of the whole society and deal with the ethical issues in convergence technology.
【作者单位】：复旦大学哲学学院;大连理工大学人文学院哲学系;
【分类号】：B82-057

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