恩格尔哈特允许原则探析

发布时间：2018-06-24 02:05

本文选题：允许原则 + 恩格尔哈特　；参考：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：现代文明的矛盾是多方面的,生命伦理学在二十世纪诞生从一个方面体现了今日科学技术的发展给人带来的道德困境。在价值多元化的时代,我们在生命伦理问题上面临巨大的挑战,恩格尔哈特从自己的理论研究中寻找到一种后现代道德语境——允许原则,来应对当前世界格局下存在的现代道德哲学的失落。本文就此来对这一后现代的哲学思考进行深入的探析,希望能充分阐释允许原则是如何在这样一个时代背景下被提出,和它本身是否具有自身承诺的理论合法性。本文通过五个章节展开主题的论述。首先,生命伦理问题是我们今日必须高度重视的,现实中存在的生命伦理冲突严肃地表明我们对生命意义的思考十分缺乏。价值在科技文明冲击下产生了多元化的倾向,生命伦理学顺应时代需要在上世纪诞生,此后形成了两种主要的理论,一是通过规范伦理学建立实践的道德原则,二是用程序化的道德来建立道德商谈的语境。其次论述允许原则在怎样的理论和现实背景下被提出。后现代的道德主体普遍表现出理性的觉醒,人们开始自行形成主观的伦理标准。恩格尔哈特认为现代道德学工程的彻底失败把我们带回到无神论世界,任何理论方案都不能产生充满内容的道德指导,除非它预先设定。允许原则尝试用道德商谈的方式,为道德异乡人提供相互尊重和彼此同意的道德平台。“人所不欲,勿施于人”,我们首先应当尊重别人的选择,行善因而是被置于第二位的义务。再次,从允许原则实践应用的角度分析其中包含的三层现实内涵。即允许原则通过“无为”的策略来实现一种全球最小道德的程序性原则,它本身不规范道德行为;肯定道德异乡人相互尊重的态度,把和平的观念当作伦理的核心;认为不伤害作为基础的消极规范本身是超道德的,维护他人的道德权威比道德同情的行善要求更基础。然后,本文开始研究允许原则本身的适用性和逻辑上的局限性,认为允许原则做为一种应用伦理学的理论只应该具有实践的意义,并不是对真理的证明,它更像是社会实践活动中的一种必要的交往策略。任何一种原则都不可能不依赖道德感,相互尊重的不伤害规范不能理解为非道德性的,用政治化原则建立道德基础无法实现。最后一章是反思和总结部分。相对主义导致的价值多元社会是没有意义的,它自己不能提供存在的保障。统一是文明进程唯一的目标,任何一个分裂的个体都无法抵抗自身的消亡。
[Abstract]:The contradiction of modern civilization is multifaceted. The birth of bioethics in the twentieth Century embodies the moral dilemma of the development of science and technology today. In the times of value diversification, we face great challenges on the problem of life ethics. Engelhardt has sought a post modernism from his own theoretical research. The moral context allows the principle to deal with the loss of modern moral philosophy in the current world pattern. This article makes an in-depth analysis of this post-modern philosophical thinking, hoping to fully explain how the principle of permission is put forward in such an era, and whether it has its own commitment. In this paper, the thesis discusses the theme through five chapters. First, the life ethics problem we must attach great importance to today. The existence of life ethics conflicts in reality seriously indicates that we have a lack of thinking about the meaning of life. The value of life ethics has produced a tendency of multicomponent under the impact of scientific and technological civilization, and bioethics conforms to the needs of the times. To be born in the last century, two main theories have been formed, one is to establish the moral principles of practice through normative ethics, and the two is to establish the context of moral discussion with procedural morality. Secondly, it discusses the theory and the realistic background of the principle of permission. The moral subject of the later generation generally shows the awakening of reason. People begin to form their own subjective ethical standards. Engelhardt believes that the complete failure of modern moral engineering brings us back to the atheistic world. No theoretical solution can produce moral guidance full of content unless it is set in advance. The principle of allowing the principle to try moral quotient to provide mutual respect for a moral stranger. And the moral platform that agrees with each other. "People do not want to do to others", we should first respect other people's choice, do good because they are placed in the second obligations. Again, from the perspective of the practical application of the principle of permitting the analysis of the three layers of reality contained in it. That is, the principle of permitting the "Inaction" strategy to achieve a global minimum. The procedural principle of morality does not regulate the moral behavior itself; it affirms the attitude of mutual respect for the people of the moral alien and regards the concept of peace as the core of ethics; it is considered that the negative norms that do not harm the basis of the morality are hyper moral, and the moral authority of others is more basic than the moral compassion of morality. Then, this article begins to study permission. The applicability of Xu's principle itself and its logical limitations, the theory that allowing principles to be applied as a kind of applied ethics should only have practical significance, not a proof of truth, but more like a necessary communication strategy in social practice. No principle can be dependent on moral sense and mutual respect. The norm can not be understood as non moral, and the moral foundation of the political principle can not be realized. The last chapter is the reflection and summary. The value pluralistic society caused by relativism is meaningless, it can not provide the guarantee of existence. Unity is the only goal of the process of civilization, and no individual is divided. Resist the death of oneself.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B82-05

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