恩格尔哈特允许原则探析

发布时间：2018-06-24 02:05

本文选题：允许原则 + 恩格尔哈特　；参考：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：现代文明的矛盾是多方面的,生命伦理学在二十世纪诞生从一个方面体现了今日科学技术的发展给人带来的道德困境。在价值多元化的时代,我们在生命伦理问题上面临巨大的挑战,恩格尔哈特从自己的理论研究中寻找到一种后现代道德语境——允许原则,来应对当前世界格局下存在的现代道德哲学的失落。本文就此来对这一后现代的哲学思考进行深入的探析,希望能充分阐释允许原则是如何在这样一个时代背景下被提出,和它本身是否具有自身承诺的理论合法性。本文通过五个章节展开主题的论述。首先,生命伦理问题是我们今日必须高度重视的,现实中存在的生命伦理冲突严肃地表明我们对生命意义的思考十分缺乏。价值在科技文明冲击下产生了多元化的倾向,生命伦理学顺应时代需要在上世纪诞生,此后形成了两种主要的理论,一是通过规范伦理学建立实践的道德原则,二是用程序化的道德来建立道德商谈的语境。其次论述允许原则在怎样的理论和现实背景下被提出。后现代的道德主体普遍表现出理性的觉醒,人们开始自行形成主观的伦理标准。恩格尔哈特认为现代道德学工程的彻底失败把我们带回到无神论世界,任何理论方案都不能产生充满内容的道德指导,除非它预先设定。允许原则尝试用道德商谈的方式,为道德异乡人提供相互尊重和彼此同意的道德平台。“人所不欲,勿施于人”,我们首先应当尊重别人的选择,行善因而是被置于第二位的义务。再次,从允许原则实践应用的角度分析其中包含的三层现实内涵。即允许原则通过“无为”的策略来实现一种全球最小道德的程序性原则,它本身不规范道德行为;肯定道德异乡人相互尊重的态度,把和平的观念当作伦理的核心;认为不伤害作为基础的消极规范本身是超道德的,维护他人的道德权威比道德同情的行善要求更基础。然后,本文开始研究允许原则本身的适用性和逻辑上的局限性,认为允许原则做为一种应用伦理学的理论只应该具有实践的意义,并不是对真理的证明,它更像是社会实践活动中的一种必要的交往策略。任何一种原则都不可能不依赖道德感,相互尊重的不伤害规范不能理解为非道德性的,用政治化原则建立道德基础无法实现。最后一章是反思和总结部分。相对主义导致的价值多元社会是没有意义的,它自己不能提供存在的保障。统一是文明进程唯一的目标,任何一个分裂的个体都无法抵抗自身的消亡。
[Abstract]:There are many contradictions in modern civilization. The birth of bioethics in the 20th century reflects the moral dilemma brought by the development of science and technology. In the era of value diversity, we are faced with great challenges on the issue of bioethics. Engelhardt finds a postmodern moral context-the principle of permission from his own theoretical research. To deal with the loss of modern moral philosophy existing in the current world structure. This paper makes a deep analysis of this postmodern philosophical thinking, hoping to fully explain how the principle of permission was put forward under such an era background, and whether it has the theoretical legitimacy of its own commitment. This article through five chapters to expand the theme of the discussion. First of all, we must attach great importance to the issue of bioethics today. The existence of bioethical conflicts in reality seriously indicates that we are lacking in thinking about the meaning of life. Under the impact of science and technology civilization, the value has a pluralistic tendency. Bioethics was born in the last century in accordance with the needs of the times. Since then, two main theories have been formed. One is to establish the moral principles of practice through normative ethics. The second is to establish the context of moral negotiation with procedural morality. Secondly, it discusses what kind of theoretical and realistic background the principle of permission has been put forward. Postmodern moral subjects generally show rational awakening and people begin to form subjective ethical standards. Engelhardt believes that the complete failure of modern moral engineering brings us back to the world of atheism and that no theoretical scheme can produce a moral guide full of content unless it is preset. The principle of permission attempts to provide a moral platform for moral aliens to respect and agree with each other by means of moral negotiation. "do not do to others what people do not want," we should first respect the choice of others, doing good is therefore the obligation to be placed in the second place. Thirdly, from the perspective of practical application of the permitted principle, three levels of practical connotation are analyzed. That is to say, the principle of allowing the principle to realize a global minimum moral procedural principle through the strategy of "inaction", which itself does not regulate moral behavior, affirms the attitude of mutual respect among moral aliens, and regards the concept of peace as the core of ethics. It is considered that negative norms based on non-harmfulness are supermoral, and it is more basic to maintain the moral authority of others than to do good with moral sympathy. Then, this paper begins to study the applicability and logical limitation of the principle of permission, and holds that the theory of the principle of permission as an applied ethics should only have practical significance, not a proof of truth. It is more like a necessary communication strategy in social practice. Neither principle can rely on moral sense, the norm of mutual respect can not be understood as unethical, and the establishment of moral foundation by politicization principle cannot be realized. The last chapter is the reflection and summary. Relativism leads to a pluralistic society of value which is meaningless and cannot provide the guarantee of existence itself. Unity is the only goal of civilization, and no divided individual can resist its demise.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B82-05

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