“人为什么要有道德”与“人怎么会有道德”

发布时间：2018-06-25 21:05

本文选题：道德价值 + 道德价值观　；参考：《河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2014年01期

【摘要】：当今社会的一个不容忽视的问题,是道德价值观的混乱和道德价值被边缘化。关于道德价值的深度思考离不开伦理学的两个重要问题:一是人为什么要有道德,二是人怎么会有道德。第一个问题是道德的必要性问题,第二个问题是道德的可能性问题。这两个问题可以分别从社会和个人两个角度来考察,由此就变成了四个问题:问题一是从社会角度看人为什么要有道德,问题二是从个人角度看人为什么要有道德,问题三是从社会角度看人怎么会有道德,问题四是从个人角度看人怎么会有道德。其中,问题四尤为重要。对问题一的探索包括德治论、整体福利说、社会契约论等;对问题二的探索包括义务论、目的论、宗教论等;对问题三的探索包括道德法制化、道德公正与德福统一、以道德的社会促道德的人、加强社会教化等;对问题四的探索包括道德成为人的核心价值或根本价值、道德成为人实现自己核心价值或根本价值的必要条件和有效途径、扩展善良人性、培育道德情感、来自经验层面的德福统一等。从现实生活中看,赏善罚恶和善恶报应、社会公正、德福统一、自我实现对促进公民成为有道德的人有着至关重要的作用。
[Abstract]:A problem that can not be ignored in today's society is the confusion of moral values and the marginalization of moral values. The deep thinking about moral value can not be separated from two important questions of ethics: one is why people should have morality, the other is how people can have morality. The first is the necessity of morality and the second is the possibility of morality. These two problems can be examined from the social and personal perspectives, thus turning into four questions: the first is why people should have morality from the social point of view, and the second is why they should be moral from the perspective of individuals. The third question is how people have morality from a social point of view, and the fourth is how they can have morality from a personal point of view. Among them, question 4 is particularly important. The exploration of question one includes the theory of rule by virtue, the theory of overall welfare, the theory of social contract, etc.; the exploration of question two includes the theory of obligation, the theory of teleology, the theory of religion, and the exploration of question three, including the legalization of morality, the unification of moral justice and good fortune, etc. The exploration of the fourth question includes that morality becomes the core value or fundamental value of the human being, and morality becomes the necessary condition and effective way for people to realize their own core value or fundamental value. Expand good human nature, cultivate moral feelings, from the level of experience of the unity of good fortune, and so on. From the point of view of real life, it is very important to reward good and punish evil and retribution of good and evil, social justice, unity of virtue and welfare, and self-realization to promote citizens to become moral people.
【作者单位】：郑州大学公共管理学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目(13BKS100) 河南省教育厅人文社会科学研究项目(2011-JD-010)
【分类号】：B82-066

【共引文献】