生命伦理学视域下反思平衡方法及其应用的研究

发布时间：2018-06-28 07:33

本文选题：反思平衡 + 直觉　；参考：《自然辩证法研究》2017年02期

【摘要】：反思平衡方法是伦理学中的一个重要方法。目前在我国该方法尚未受到应有的重视,理论探讨不够,也少有人自觉应用。在生命伦理学的实践中人们往往会出现这样一些情况,例如凭直觉否定一些规则、原则的适用性;更多的是,人们将已经制定的法规、规章视为完美无缺、不可修改的基石,将此作为前提通过演绎得出有关具体案例应该采取何种行动的结论,而不分析案例具体情况,从而往往使后果严重。反思平衡方法强调,既不能固守规定,也不能盲从直觉,主张不断调整道德判断和道德原则及其背景理论,使之融贯、和谐和相互支持。由于反思平衡方法既反对死守规则,又反对盲目相信直觉,因此它能有效地帮助我们减少上述两种失误,为分析伦理实践中的新问题、新情况,解决伦理冲突提供启发与借鉴,使我们的决策和行动更加合理、更加合适。然而,我们也不应忽视反思平衡方法本身固有的一些缺点,这需要今后在理论和实践上加强研讨,加以改进。
[Abstract]:Rethinking balance method is an important method in ethics. At present, this method has not been paid enough attention to in our country, the theoretical discussion is not enough, and few people consciously apply it. In the practice of bioethics, people tend to have situations such as intuitively negating rules, the applicability of principles, and, more importantly, the laws and regulations that have been established as the cornerstone of perfection and irrevocability. This is taken as a premise to draw a conclusion of what action should be taken in a specific case without analyzing the specific situation of the case, so that the consequences are often serious. The rethinking balance method emphasizes that we can neither stick to regulations nor blindly follow intuition, and advocate constantly adjusting moral judgment, moral principles and their background theories so that they can be integrated, harmonious and mutually supportive. Since the rethinking balance method is not only against sticking to rules but also against blindly believing in intuition, it can effectively help us to reduce the two kinds of mistakes mentioned above, and provide inspiration and reference for analyzing new problems and new situations in ethical practice and resolving ethical conflicts. To make our decisions and actions more reasonable and more appropriate. However, we should not lose sight of the inherent shortcomings of the rethinking equilibrium method, which needs to be studied and improved in theory and practice in the future.
【作者单位】：华中科技大学哲学系;新乡医学院社科部;中国人民大学伦理学与道德建设研究中心;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学研究重点研究基础重大项目“当代生命伦理学研究”(14JJD720008) 国家社科基金重大项目“高科技伦理问题研究”(12&ZD117)
【分类号】：B82-0

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