论贤者宜居高位——略论先秦儒家与古希腊政治伦理思想的异同

发布时间：2018-09-18 07:40

【摘要】：虽然先秦儒家与古希腊政治伦理皆有"贤者宜居高位"的政治断言,但两种文化视域对于"贤者"的理解却不尽相同。粗略地说,儒家认为君子之"德"是宜居高位的根本理由,恻隐之心或者对于他者(人民)的同情与关爱是不可缺少的因素之一;但在古希腊那里,好人的理与情则是对立的。好人的理性要么能够制服激情(亚里士多德),要么完全抵制激情(柏拉图),理性卓越或实践智慧才是贤者宜居高位的根本理由。由此出发,这两种贤者政治还表现出一些较为明显的差异:其一,先秦儒家更强调以"仁义"为代表的君子美德,而古希腊则更看重国家的"正义";其二,先秦儒家更强调个人修养与道德教化,而古希腊则更看重"政体"的设定;其三,先秦儒家思想表现出较为明显的复古情怀,而古希腊政治伦理则更倾向进行理想化的思辨。
[Abstract]:Although the political ethics of pre-Qin Confucianism and ancient Greece both have the political assertion that "the virtuous are fit to occupy high positions", the understanding of the "virtuous" is different from the two cultural perspectives. Roughly speaking, the Confucian thought that the "virtue" of the gentleman is the basic reason for the high position, and compassion or compassion for the other (people) is one of the indispensable factors, but in ancient Greece, the reason and feeling of good people are opposite. The reason of a good man is either to subdue passion (Aristotle) or to resist it altogether (Plato). From this point of view, there are some obvious differences between the two kinds of sage politics: first, the pre-Qin Confucianists emphasized the virtue of a gentleman represented by "benevolence and righteousness", while ancient Greece paid more attention to the "justice" of the state. Pre-Qin Confucianism emphasized individual cultivation and moral education, while ancient Greece paid more attention to the establishment of "regime"; third, the pre-Qin Confucian thought showed more obvious feelings of returning to ancient times, while ancient Greek political ethics tended to carry out idealized speculation.
【作者单位】：南京师范大学公共管理学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金重大项目“中国经济伦理思想通史研究”(11㤘ZD084) 江苏省高校优势学科建设工程项目
【分类号】：B82-051

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