戴震“德”论与人的福祉论初探
发布时间：2018-11-05 18:14
【摘要】：戴震的道德哲学主要讨论人的感性欲求与人类的社会伦理规范——仁义礼智的不矛盾性关系,并且将每个人的情感与欲望的充分实现看作理想社会的主要标志,他批评了宋明儒中"存理灭欲"一系的理欲观,以"圣人之道,无私而非欲"的新伦理学命题扭转了宋明以降"理欲对立"的伦理学问题意识。其"德性"论在原则上与中国传统的"德福一致论"思想相一致,他希望下层民众的个人福祉在整体上与其他人的福祉是统一的,虽然带有一定的幻想性,但却以道德哲学的形式表达了一种社会理想。戴震思想中的"美德"一词有三层意思:一是"生生不息"的天道在人性中的具体化,二是人类生活中坚守诚信的恒德品质,三是敢于坚持美德与正义的勇敢德性。这三层意思之间的关系如何,戴震本人未作过多的论证,但他在乾隆时代敢于批评"在位者多凉德",在个人的德性上表现了一个正直学者"勇敢"的美德。
[Abstract]:Dai Zhen's moral philosophy mainly discusses the relationship between human's sensual desire and human's social ethics, that is, the uncontradictory relationship between benevolence, righteousness, propriety and wisdom, and regards the full realization of each person's emotion and desire as the main symbol of the ideal society. He criticized the view of reason and desire in the Confucian school of Song and Ming dynasties, and reversed Song Ming's ethical problem consciousness of "opposition of reason and desire" with the new ethical proposition of "the way of saints, selflessness rather than desire". His theory of "virtue" is consistent in principle with the traditional Chinese thought of "the unity of virtue and welfare". He hopes that the personal well-being of the lower class will be unified with that of others, though with a certain degree of fantasy. But it expresses a kind of social ideal in the form of moral philosophy. The word "virtue" in Dai Zhen's thought has three meanings: one is the embodiment of the "endless" nature in human nature, the other is the immoral character of sticking to honesty in human life, and the courage to insist on virtue and the brave virtue of justice. Dai Zhen himself did not make much argument about the relationship between the three meanings, but he dared to criticize "more cool virtue" in the Qianlong era, and displayed the virtue of "bravery" of an upright scholar in his personal virtue.
【作者单位】： 武汉大学哲学学院;
【基金】：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(14JZD040) 湖北省重点项目“中国传统道德文化的现代阐释和实践路径研究”
【分类号】：B82-092
本文编号：2312929
[Abstract]:Dai Zhen's moral philosophy mainly discusses the relationship between human's sensual desire and human's social ethics, that is, the uncontradictory relationship between benevolence, righteousness, propriety and wisdom, and regards the full realization of each person's emotion and desire as the main symbol of the ideal society. He criticized the view of reason and desire in the Confucian school of Song and Ming dynasties, and reversed Song Ming's ethical problem consciousness of "opposition of reason and desire" with the new ethical proposition of "the way of saints, selflessness rather than desire". His theory of "virtue" is consistent in principle with the traditional Chinese thought of "the unity of virtue and welfare". He hopes that the personal well-being of the lower class will be unified with that of others, though with a certain degree of fantasy. But it expresses a kind of social ideal in the form of moral philosophy. The word "virtue" in Dai Zhen's thought has three meanings: one is the embodiment of the "endless" nature in human nature, the other is the immoral character of sticking to honesty in human life, and the courage to insist on virtue and the brave virtue of justice. Dai Zhen himself did not make much argument about the relationship between the three meanings, but he dared to criticize "more cool virtue" in the Qianlong era, and displayed the virtue of "bravery" of an upright scholar in his personal virtue.
【作者单位】： 武汉大学哲学学院;
【基金】：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(14JZD040) 湖北省重点项目“中国传统道德文化的现代阐释和实践路径研究”
【分类号】：B82-092
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