证据与信念的伦理学
发布时间：2019-01-09 09:14
【摘要】：正人们相信2+2=4,相信地球是圆的,相信所有的人都会死,这些心理状态被称为信念(belief)。用当代分析哲学的术语来说,信念是一种命题态度(propositional attitude),即对于某个命题而言,认知主体认为该命题为真,而有别于怀疑、忧虑、盼望等其他类型的态度。在现实生活中,影响人们形成和持有各种信念的因素有很多。证据主义(evidentialism)主张人们关于某个命题的信念只应当建立在相关证据的基础之上。胡适曾说过:"有一分证据,只可说一分话。有七分证据,只可说七分话,不可说八分话,更不可说十分话。"(转引自马蹄疾,第55-59页)这种看法鲜明地代表了证据主义的基本立场。19世纪的英国数学家和哲学家威廉·克利福德(W.Clifford)在《信念的伦理学》一文中,曾提出了这样一条著名的原则:"无论何时,无论何地,
[Abstract]:Positive people believe that 22 / 4, believe that the earth is round, believe that all people will die, these mental states are called belief (belief). In the term of contemporary analytical philosophy, belief is a propositional attitude, that is, for a proposition, the cognitive subject considers it to be true, which is different from other types of attitude such as doubt, worry, hope and so on. In real life, there are many factors that influence people to form and hold various beliefs. (evidentialism) argues that people's beliefs about a proposition should only be based on relevant evidence. Hu Shi once said: "there is a point of evidence, can only say a minute. There is seven points of evidence, can only say seven minutes, can not say eight cents, not to say ten words." (quoted from horseshoe disease, pp. 55-59) this view clearly represents the basic position of evidence. In the 19th-century English mathematician and philosopher W.Clifford, in Ethics of Faith, A famous principle has been put forward: "whenever, wherever,
【作者单位】： 中山大学哲学系;中山大学逻辑与认知研究所;
【基金】：两个国家社科基金重大项目(编号分别为11&ZD088、11&ZD187) 教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(编号13JZD004)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：B82-0
本文编号：2405427
[Abstract]:Positive people believe that 22 / 4, believe that the earth is round, believe that all people will die, these mental states are called belief (belief). In the term of contemporary analytical philosophy, belief is a propositional attitude, that is, for a proposition, the cognitive subject considers it to be true, which is different from other types of attitude such as doubt, worry, hope and so on. In real life, there are many factors that influence people to form and hold various beliefs. (evidentialism) argues that people's beliefs about a proposition should only be based on relevant evidence. Hu Shi once said: "there is a point of evidence, can only say a minute. There is seven points of evidence, can only say seven minutes, can not say eight cents, not to say ten words." (quoted from horseshoe disease, pp. 55-59) this view clearly represents the basic position of evidence. In the 19th-century English mathematician and philosopher W.Clifford, in Ethics of Faith, A famous principle has been put forward: "whenever, wherever,
【作者单位】： 中山大学哲学系;中山大学逻辑与认知研究所;
【基金】：两个国家社科基金重大项目(编号分别为11&ZD088、11&ZD187) 教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(编号13JZD004)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：B82-0
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