伦理的现代性救赎

发布时间：2019-01-30 12:39

【摘要】：现代性导致世界的去魅,道德客观性、道德普遍性与合法性成为问题。近代主要问题是道德客观性问题,霍布斯、洛克、康德以权利理性展开现代性救赎,边沁以功利理性确立道德客观性基础,然而却无法摆脱失败的共同命运。20世纪的问题是如何在理性多元论语境下达到共识,罗尔斯、哈贝马斯与诺齐克从不同角度以正义理性诠释公共理性,成为塑造道德普遍性的关键环节,却依然无法摆脱多元主义与视角主义的羁绊。社群主义认为,以往思想家忽略的问题恰是现代性困境的根本所在,就是没有正视道德的合法性问题,麦金太尔认为美德是共同体存在的根基,只有美德理性才能为现代社会附魅,才能解决现代性所导致的伦理失位问题。面对现代性困境,马克思主义主张从制度上超越所谓的现代性救赎困境,实现现代性异化的扬弃,以人的自由而全面的发展为现代性救赎。
[Abstract]:Modernity leads to the disenchantment of the world, moral objectivity, moral universality and legitimacy. The main problem in modern times is moral objectivity. Hobbes, Locke and Kant put forward the modern salvation by right rationality, Bentham established the basis of moral objectivity by utilitarian rationality. However, the problem in the 20th century is how to reach consensus in the context of rational pluralism. Rawls, Habermas and Nozick interpret public rationality from different angles. It has become a key link in shaping moral universality, but it still cannot get rid of the fetters of pluralism and visual angle. Communitarianism holds that the problem neglected by thinkers in the past is precisely the root of the dilemma of modernity, that is, the failure to face up to the legitimacy of morality. MacIntyre believes that virtue is the foundation of the existence of the community. Only virtue reason can enchant the modern society and solve the ethical displace caused by modernity. Facing the dilemma of modernity, Marxism advocates to transcend the so-called plight of modernity redemption from the institutional point of view, realize the sublation of modernity alienation, and take the free and comprehensive development of human beings as modernity redemption.
【作者单位】：黑龙江大学政府管理学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学规划项目“正义的平等范式”(12YJA810015) 黑龙江省哲学社会科学研究规划项目“西方正义观中的平等范式研究”(11D035)
【分类号】：B82

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