目的论式的功利平等观是否可能——以密尔《功利主义》为中心

发布时间：2019-05-20 08:56

【摘要】：如何在功利原则中容纳平等主义要素,是当代功利主义面临的重要问题。为此,当代功利主义提出了三种方案:目的论功利主义、还原论功利主义和义务论功利主义。义务论功利主义在其中占据了主流地位,它否定了目的论这一古典功利主义的核心原则,认为目的论的论证框架不能从原则高度证明人的平等的道德价值,无法提出相应的道德义务。对密尔《功利主义》的考察表明,古典目的论式的功利主义不仅能够容纳平等原则,还把平等上升到了另外一种原则高度。密尔功利平等观的核心在于是"平等待幸福"而非"平等待人",它以人的幸福为尺度的,是以人如何看待幸福为起点的,是以幸福的实现为归宿的。密尔的功利平等观为当前构建平等主义的功利主义敞开了可能性。
[Abstract]:How to accommodate the elements of equality in utilitarian principle is an important problem faced by contemporary utilitarianism. Therefore, contemporary utilitarianism puts forward three schemes: Skopos utilitarianism, reductionism utilitarianism and obligation utilitarianism. The utilitarianism of obligation theory occupies the mainstream position in it. It negates Skopos theory, which is the core principle of classical utilitarianism, and holds that the framework of purpose argumentation can not prove the moral value of equality of human beings from the height of principle. It is impossible to propose corresponding moral obligations. The investigation of Mill's utilitarianism shows that the classical teleological utilitarianism can not only accommodate the principle of equality, but also raise equality to another level of principle. The core of Mill's view of utilitarian equality lies in "waiting for happiness" rather than "treating others equally". It takes human happiness as the yardstick, takes how people look at happiness as the starting point, and takes the realization of happiness as the destination. Mill's view of utilitarian equality opens up the possibility of constructing egalitarian utilitarianism at present.
【作者单位】：中国石油大学马克思主义学院;江西青年职业学院;
【基金】：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“马克思主义中国化专题研究”研究成果(项目编号:15CX08013A)
【分类号】：B82-064

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