儒家伦理的发展方向:人伦之理与内在超越

发布时间：2019-06-12 00:24

【摘要】：20世纪初以来,儒家伦理的现代转型主要出现了四种理论形态,即义理上的心性之学、制度伦理上的纲纪之道、社会生活中的人伦之理、精神信仰上的内在超越。然而,这些研究的现实影响与实践意义却仍有限。尽管现代新儒学阐发的"良知的自我坎限"精致而玄妙,但企图以此为根源而生发出科学与民主却是一种虚幻的构想,不能产生实际作用;随着封建社会的解体,没有了宗法家族制度与政治体制等诸多制度的支撑,纲纪之道已失去了其赖以生存的根基,而儒家伦理想要依托现代社会制度发挥作用也面临种种困难;与此相比,儒家的人伦之理与现代伦理观念相结合,在社会中还在广泛地发挥作用,影响着民风、习俗与道德风尚;"内在超越"理论则揭示了儒家伦理价值系统的特质,因其超越性而产生的伦理信仰塑造了中国人的伦理意识、道德思维与精神追求,彰显了非宗教式信仰的意义。因此,在走向现代文明的进程中,儒家的"人伦之理"与"内在超越"理论经过重新诠释与建构性重塑,依然是中国人道德生活的价值源泉,这也是儒家伦理未来的发展方向。
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of the 20th century, there have been four main theoretical forms in the modern transformation of Confucian ethics, namely, the study of mind and nature in justice, the way of discipline in institutional ethics, the principle of human relations in social life, and the inner transcendence of spiritual belief. However, the practical influence and practical significance of these studies are still limited. Although the "self-limit of conscience" expounded by modern Neo-Confucianism is exquisite and mysterious, it is an illusory conception to try to develop science and democracy based on it, which can not produce practical effects. With the disintegration of feudal society, without the support of patriarchal clan system and political system, the way of discipline has lost the foundation on which it depends for its survival, and Confucian ethics also faces all kinds of difficulties if it wants to rely on the modern social system to play its role. Compared with this, the combination of Confucian ethics and modern ethical concepts still plays a wide role in society, affecting the folk customs, customs and moral customs. The theory of "inner transcendence" reveals the characteristics of Confucian ethical value system, and the ethical belief produced by its transcendence shapes the ethical consciousness, moral thinking and spiritual pursuit of the Chinese people, and shows the significance of non-religious belief. Therefore, in the process of moving towards modern civilization, the Confucian theory of "human relations" and "inner transcendence" is still the value source of Chinese moral life after re-interpretation and constructive reconstruction, which is also the future development direction of Confucian ethics.
【作者单位】：东南大学人文学院与道德发展研究院;
【基金】：江苏省公民道德与社会风尚协同创新中心、江苏省道德发展智库(2242016S30071)研究成果
【分类号】：B82-092

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