自由主义的公民美德思想研究
发布时间：2019-06-18 13:06
【摘要】：自由主义政治哲学是西方政治哲学中最富成果的一部分,但也一直备受各种质疑和批评,其中社群主义者的批评最为突出。社群主义者批评的焦点在于它不讲公民美德,没有共同体概念和共同的良善生活观念。文章围绕公民美德这一核心主题,以人物为基础的分析路径,采用理论与逻辑相结合、历史与现状相结合、批判的分析等方法,依照历史发展进程,对自由主义的公民美德思想的基本观点和发展逻辑进行比较全面的阐述。重点介绍和分析洛克、康德、密尔和罗尔斯等自由主义代表人物的公民美德思想的基本观点、彼此的内在关系以及在西方国家的政治和社会生活中的影响。同时,文章也表达了关于自由主义的公民美德思想的一些看法,以期抛砖引玉,引起人们对这方面问题的进一步的关注和研究。对自由主义公民美德思想的理论渊源进行回溯是有意义的,尽管古代哲学家无法真正系统地对人的自由和美德问题作出合理的回答,但他们种种独特的理解给现代自由主义哲学家提出自己的公民美德思想提供了有益的启示。文章重点放在系统阐述洛克、康德、密尔和罗尔斯的公民美德思想上,中间间或插入分析与评论,对每一位思想家的公民美德理论提供一个合理的概述,展现了他们的不同观点以及他们的思想之间的内在联系。对四位代表人物的公民美德思想的阐述基本包括论证的理论基础、公民美德的道德环境建设(正义制度之构建与维系)和公民个体的道德自律三个方面。每一位思想家的理论都可看作在思考一些共同的问题,每一个人的理论都是对先前的理论所具有的局限作出回应。文章还考察了当代一些自由主义理论家的公民美德思想,他们的思想是对前辈的批判和继承,并对自由主义的批评者的观点进行调和。在对各个时期各位自由主义代表人物的公民美德思想进行阐述和分析之后,文章在一个更为普遍的层次上对自由主义的公民美德思想进行评论。先是总结了自由主义公民美德思想的基本特点:以个人自主性为核心价值;阐述的公民美德主要包括正义、宽容、理性、自律、文明、平等待人等底线意义上的社会美德;体现了道德哲学与政治哲学的有机联系;兼具规范伦理学和美德伦理学的理论特征。然后采用对比与评论之方法,比较自由主义与社群主义的公民美德思想之异同,由此,自由主义和社群主义的对立似乎可以消解,而是更内在地和有建设性地相互消化和整合,共同推动西方政治哲学及美德伦理学向前发展。通过对自由主义的公民美德思想的研究,了解到它的基本观点和发展逻辑,从而深入理解自由主义者所热衷的那些道德诉求与理想具有理论上和实践上的重要意义。
[Abstract]:Liberalism political philosophy is the most fruitful part of western political philosophy, but it has been questioned and criticized by all kinds of people, among which the criticism of communists is the most prominent. The focus of community criticism is that it does not talk about civic virtue, does not have the concept of community and a common concept of good life. Focusing on the core theme of civic virtue, this paper makes a comprehensive exposition of the basic viewpoints and development logic of liberal civic virtue thought by means of the combination of theory and logic, the combination of history and present situation, critical analysis, and so on, focusing on the core theme of civic virtue, which is based on the characters, the combination of theory and logic, the combination of history and the present situation, and the critical analysis. This paper mainly introduces and analyzes the basic viewpoints of civic virtue thought of liberalism representatives such as Locke, Kant, Mill and Rawls, their internal relationship and their influence in the political and social life of western countries. At the same time, the article also expresses some views on liberalism's thought of civic virtue, in order to attract people's further attention and research on this issue. It is meaningful to trace back the theoretical origin of liberal civic virtue thought. Although ancient philosophers can not give a reasonable answer to the question of human freedom and virtue in a real and systematic way, their unique understandings provide useful enlightenment for modern liberal philosophers to put forward their own civic virtue thought. This paper focuses on the systematic exposition of Locke, Kant, Mill and Rawls' thoughts of civic virtue, occasionally inserting analysis and comment, providing a reasonable overview of each thinker's theory of civic virtue, and showing their different views and the internal relationship between their thoughts. The exposition of the thought of civic virtue of the four representative figures basically includes three aspects: the theoretical basis of argumentation, the construction of moral environment of civic virtue (the construction and maintenance of justice system) and the moral self-discipline of individual citizens. The theory of every thinker can be regarded as thinking about some common problems, and everyone's theory responds to the limitations of the previous theory. The article also examines the civic virtue thought of some contemporary liberal theorists, whose thought is to criticize and inherit the predecessor, and to reconcile the views of the critics of liberalism. After expounding and analyzing the civic virtue thought of the representatives of liberalism in each period, this paper comments on the liberal civic virtue thought on a more general level. First of all, it summarizes the basic characteristics of liberal civic virtue thought: taking individual autonomy as the core value; the civic virtue mainly includes the social virtue in the sense of justice, tolerance, reason, self-discipline, civilization, equal treatment to others and so on; it embodies the organic relationship between moral philosophy and political philosophy; and has the theoretical characteristics of normative ethics and virtue ethics. Then, by means of comparison and comment, this paper compares the similarities and differences between liberalism and communitarianism in the thought of civic virtue. Therefore, the opposition between liberalism and communitarianism seems to be dispelled, but more internally and constructively digested and integrated with each other to promote the development of western political philosophy and virtue ethics. Through the study of liberalism's thought of civic virtue, we can understand its basic viewpoint and development logic, so as to deeply understand the moral demands and ideals that liberals are keen on are of great significance in theory and practice.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B822.1
，
本文编号：2501516
[Abstract]:Liberalism political philosophy is the most fruitful part of western political philosophy, but it has been questioned and criticized by all kinds of people, among which the criticism of communists is the most prominent. The focus of community criticism is that it does not talk about civic virtue, does not have the concept of community and a common concept of good life. Focusing on the core theme of civic virtue, this paper makes a comprehensive exposition of the basic viewpoints and development logic of liberal civic virtue thought by means of the combination of theory and logic, the combination of history and present situation, critical analysis, and so on, focusing on the core theme of civic virtue, which is based on the characters, the combination of theory and logic, the combination of history and the present situation, and the critical analysis. This paper mainly introduces and analyzes the basic viewpoints of civic virtue thought of liberalism representatives such as Locke, Kant, Mill and Rawls, their internal relationship and their influence in the political and social life of western countries. At the same time, the article also expresses some views on liberalism's thought of civic virtue, in order to attract people's further attention and research on this issue. It is meaningful to trace back the theoretical origin of liberal civic virtue thought. Although ancient philosophers can not give a reasonable answer to the question of human freedom and virtue in a real and systematic way, their unique understandings provide useful enlightenment for modern liberal philosophers to put forward their own civic virtue thought. This paper focuses on the systematic exposition of Locke, Kant, Mill and Rawls' thoughts of civic virtue, occasionally inserting analysis and comment, providing a reasonable overview of each thinker's theory of civic virtue, and showing their different views and the internal relationship between their thoughts. The exposition of the thought of civic virtue of the four representative figures basically includes three aspects: the theoretical basis of argumentation, the construction of moral environment of civic virtue (the construction and maintenance of justice system) and the moral self-discipline of individual citizens. The theory of every thinker can be regarded as thinking about some common problems, and everyone's theory responds to the limitations of the previous theory. The article also examines the civic virtue thought of some contemporary liberal theorists, whose thought is to criticize and inherit the predecessor, and to reconcile the views of the critics of liberalism. After expounding and analyzing the civic virtue thought of the representatives of liberalism in each period, this paper comments on the liberal civic virtue thought on a more general level. First of all, it summarizes the basic characteristics of liberal civic virtue thought: taking individual autonomy as the core value; the civic virtue mainly includes the social virtue in the sense of justice, tolerance, reason, self-discipline, civilization, equal treatment to others and so on; it embodies the organic relationship between moral philosophy and political philosophy; and has the theoretical characteristics of normative ethics and virtue ethics. Then, by means of comparison and comment, this paper compares the similarities and differences between liberalism and communitarianism in the thought of civic virtue. Therefore, the opposition between liberalism and communitarianism seems to be dispelled, but more internally and constructively digested and integrated with each other to promote the development of western political philosophy and virtue ethics. Through the study of liberalism's thought of civic virtue, we can understand its basic viewpoint and development logic, so as to deeply understand the moral demands and ideals that liberals are keen on are of great significance in theory and practice.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B822.1
，
本文编号：2501516
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/shekelunwen/falvlunlilunwen/2501516.html
