我国司法鉴定管理体制研究

发布时间：2018-03-15 06:16

本文选题：司法鉴定　切入点：管理体制　出处：《华中科技大学》2006年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 科学、公正、透明的司法鉴定乃是准确认定法律事实,作出正确司法判决,从而实现司法公正与社会正义的关键,而科学、高效的司法鉴定管理体制又是保证司法鉴定能否科学、公正、透明的前提。近年来,我国司法鉴定管理体制存在的弊端及暴露出的严重问题,已引起社会各界的广泛关注。然而,我国司法鉴定管理体制的改革却严重滞后于社会法治进程之步伐,甚至出现了与司法鉴定价值理念相冲突的局面。完善司法鉴定管理体制已成为当代社会主义法制建设的重要内容之一。本文通过采用历史分析和实证分析相结合,定性分析和定量分析相结合,一般分析与个案阐述相结合的等方法,以司法鉴定的理念追求及其演进的轨迹为线索,以当代两大法系主要国家司法鉴定管理体制发展趋势为参照,以发挥司法鉴定管理制度的法治支撑功能为目标,主要研究了以下内容:我国司法鉴定管理体制的应然模式选择,我国司法鉴定人与鉴定标准的具体管理制度设计,司法鉴定权的启动与鉴定结论采信的管理制度,司法鉴定机构与鉴定人责任管理制度。本文重点研究了我国司法鉴定启动权的设置。本文认为我国应逐步限制、取消侦查、检察机关享有的司法鉴定启动权,建立侦查、检察机关向法院申请司法鉴定启动权的制度;同时,应淡化法官在司法鉴定启动模式中的职权色彩,赋予当事人平等的申请权,引入“技术顾问”制度,限制法官自行启动司法鉴定;此外,应打破法官在鉴定人选任上的垄断地位,确立鉴定人的委托由当事人协商或法官指定原则以及建立单一鉴定人制度。同时,本文还重点研究鉴定结论的采信管理制度。本文提出鉴定结论的科学性采信标准,其具体内容包括鉴定人应当受到过相应专业训练,具有鉴定所需要的专业知识;鉴定结论所依据的科学原理与技术方法是可靠的、有效的;鉴定的操作程序规范,设备先进、可靠;被鉴定的对象客观、可靠,符合鉴定的要求。此外,本文还重点研究了鉴定人与鉴定机构法律责任制度。本文提出我国应增设司法鉴定的民事责任制度,鉴定人故意作虚假鉴定或因严重不负责任给当事人合法权益造成重大经济损失的,应承担相应的民事责任。同时提出,为降低鉴定机构的民事责任风险,应成立全国司法鉴定风险保险基金,一旦发生司法鉴定民事赔偿案件,由该基金承担全部费用或部分费用。以体系化的司法鉴定管理制度为皈依,本文最后提出了我国未来司法鉴定法的立法案框架及基本管理制度设计,企图通过司法鉴定管理制度的法典化推动我国司法体制改革的进程。
[Abstract]:Scientific, fair and transparent judicial expertise is the key to the accurate identification of legal facts and the making of correct judicial decisions, so as to realize judicial justice and social justice. The efficient management system of judicial expertise is also the premise to ensure the scientific, fair and transparent judicial expertise. In recent years, the shortcomings of the management system of judicial expertise and the serious problems exposed in our country, However, the reform of the judicial appraisal management system in our country has lagged behind the pace of the process of the rule of law in the society. Even the situation of conflict with the value concept of judicial expertise has emerged. Perfecting the management system of judicial expertise has become one of the important contents of the construction of the contemporary socialist legal system. Through the combination of historical analysis and empirical analysis, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, general analysis and case study, this paper takes the pursuit of the concept of forensic expertise and the track of its evolution as the clue. Referring to the development trend of the judicial expertise management system in the main countries of the contemporary two legal systems and aiming at giving full play to the supporting function of the rule of law in the judicial expertise management system, this paper mainly studies the following contents: the choice of the ought mode of the judicial expertise management system in our country. The concrete management system design of our country's judicial appraiser and the appraisal standard, the starting of the judicial appraisal right and the management system of the adoption of the appraisal conclusion, the management system of the judicial appraisal organization and the expert's responsibility. This paper focuses on the establishment of the right of initiation of judicial identification in China. This paper holds that our country should gradually restrict, cancel the right of initiating judicial identification, and establish the right of initiation of judicial identification, which is enjoyed by procuratorial organs. The procuratorial organ should apply to the court for the system of initiating the judicial expertise, and at the same time, it should desalinate the color of the judge's power in the mode of judicial identification start-up, endow the parties with the equal right to apply, and introduce the system of "technical adviser". In addition, it is necessary to break the monopoly position of judges in the selection and appointment of experts, to establish the principle of consultation between the parties or the appointment of judges, and to establish the system of single experts. At the same time, this paper also focuses on the management system of the adoption of identification conclusions. This paper puts forward the scientific standards for the adoption of expert conclusions, including that the appraisers should be trained and have the professional knowledge needed for the identification. The scientific principles and technical methods based on the appraisal conclusion are reliable and effective, the operating procedures of identification are standard, the equipment is advanced and reliable, and the object of identification is objective, reliable and meets the requirements of identification. In addition, this paper also focuses on the legal liability system of appraisers and appraisal institutions. This paper puts forward that our country should add the civil liability system of judicial expertise. If the authenticator intentionally makes false appraisal or causes serious economic losses to the parties' legitimate rights and interests as a result of serious irresponsibility, he shall bear the corresponding civil liability. At the same time, it is proposed that, in order to reduce the risk of civil liability of the appraisal institution, The national forensic risk insurance fund should be set up. Once a civil compensation case of judicial expertise occurs, the fund shall bear all or part of the expenses. Finally, this paper puts forward the legislative framework and basic management system design of our country's future judicial expertise law. This paper attempts to promote the reform of our country's judicial system through the codification of judicial expertise management system.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D926;D918.9

【引证文献】