系列杀人犯犯罪心理分析

发布时间：2018-08-07 19:57

【摘要】： 对于犯罪,我们常比喻为:潘多拉盒子被打开后,一群恶魔立时飞遍整个世界。显然,在各类犯罪中最残酷的莫过于系列杀人案了。最近几年逐渐增多的系列杀人案不仅造成人们的巨大物质损失,在心理层面上,更是给人们的精神生活造成了严重的焦虑、震撼和恐慌。那些看起来在平时表现很安静,温和的人在作案时却是那么的凶残和疯狂。并且,更令人诧异的是,行为人在抓获后却以一种近乎荒诞的逻辑来解释他们的行为和动机。在他们看来,这些解释是那么的天经地义,毋庸置疑。然而,在常人看来,除了“屠夫”,“杀人狂魔”之类的字眼外似乎没有什么好的方法来解释为什么他们会这样做:是什么造成了两者之间的鸿沟? 对这一类犯罪的研究有助于拉近公众和行为人之间认识的距离,更好的认识系列杀人犯这一耸人听闻的犯罪现象。这种案件的发生并不是无缘无故的,弱势群体在挫折和社会排斥的长期挤压下,自信和自尊趋于脆弱,必然产生对立、敌视、仇恨的否定情绪。在缺乏自我调节能力和减压能力的心理状态下,报复和发泄会演化成为强大的内驱力,激活个体依靠暴力和使用暴力的动机,实现一种由弱势向强势自尊的心理演化过程。同时,更为可怕的是,一旦他们实施了足以被判处死刑的暴力犯罪之后,就会变得更加毫无顾忌,疯狂的重复使用暴力。探寻出其导致其产生的具体的犯罪原因,从而发现其规律性,有助于制定出有针对性的防治和减少犯罪行为的措施,有利于类似案件的侦破以及和谐社会的构建。本文总体包括以下四个部分: 第一部分介绍系列杀人犯的概念和历史。其后,简要介绍了国外对系列杀人犯的类型研究和论述。首先,界定了系列杀人犯的范围。它是指犯罪人在一定时期内有间隔地杀害多名无辜者的一种严重暴力犯罪。犯罪人常常是男性,且犯罪活动一般具有预谋性。犯罪人常常杀死多个以上的被害人,被害人一般为陌生人。被害人之间在身份、性别、地点、死亡模式等方面,常常存在一定的相似性。行为人都有病态人格倾向或者症状,他们享受杀人,对被害人的痛苦无动于衷,甚至从折磨被害人中获得快感。行为人作案隐秘,有很强的反侦察能力,极力避免被抓获。因此,对这种犯罪的侦破率比较低。其次,介绍了国外学者对系列杀人罪的研究。在解释系列杀人犯的犯罪动机时,常常会追溯到犯罪人的童年期。同时,否定了这种说法:那些随意进行系列杀人行为的犯罪人,肯定是精神疾病患者。并不是由于他们的生理原因导致具有反社会性,而是由于童年时期心智发展的不健全,到了成年之后,通过各种极端行为显现出来。有学者认为,系列杀人犯一般都具有相似的发展经历,例如,负面的生活经历。认为这些生活经历可能会引起攻击行为和性幻想,使犯罪人从中恢复控制感。在系列杀人犯的类型研究上,存在有幻觉型、使命型、享乐型、力量/控制型四分法。以及旅行系列杀人犯、当地系列杀人犯和就近系列杀人犯的三分法等分类。第二部分主要介绍系列杀人犯的人格特征和行为特征。本部分主要分析系列杀人犯的人格特征和行为特征。认为性格内向阴冷自私;情感细腻而又无法与外界交流;人格聪慧而异常,意志薄弱而坚强是系列杀人犯的人格特征。系列杀人犯罪人的行为特征包括一下三个特征: 1.极端性。系列杀人犯由于心灵扭曲,情感变异,在畸形的仇恨,报复的动机下经常通过极端的暴力手段来达到犯罪目的,所以犯罪行为常常不择手段,不择对象,不问缘由,极端残忍;2.预谋性。作案都是蓄谋已久而不是有些人人为的一时精神错乱;3.相似性。随着犯罪习惯的养成和犯罪动机的特定,在系列杀人案件中,在犯罪手法,方式、被杀害对象上往往具有相似性。第三部分主要探讨了系列杀人犯产生的社会原因。包括:1.社会转型诱发矛盾激烈。贫富差距的拉大,不公平的发展机会,社会的歧视使得一些弱势群体将不满通过严重暴力行为表达出来。减少不平等,包容性的增长是目前中国所必需的;2.家庭、学校教育不当。不恰当的家庭教育方式,只侧重于智力教育的学校教育使一些青少年得不到温暖、成功的体验;3.传播媒介的不良作用,与暴力犯罪相互影响。不良的暴力、色情文化成为系列杀人犯的严重诱因,在系列杀人犯犯罪心理形成过程中起着非常关键的作用;4.人际冲突极端发展。这种冲突是由于行为人自身的性格造成的。具有言语交往障碍、人际交往障碍的系列杀人犯成年之后出现了严重的心理障碍与冲突:一方面是生理需要的迫切感;另一方面则是心理上的恐惧与紧张。体力和智力因素的增强也使得犯罪人更加有能力和经验去实施犯罪。系列杀人者大都在成年以后安家立业阶段才开始严重暴力行为;5.传统社区社会结构的解体。第四部分是预防此类犯罪行为发生的对策。第一,加强社会道德观、价值观的建设。道德预防是犯罪预防的首要方略。“魔由心生”,同样首先应该由人心去抑制;第二,建立健全公平分配体系和保障制度,消除罪犯对社会的敌视心理。社会的同质化有助于个体心理的心理平衡,从而减少犯罪。第三,筑好家庭这一预防犯罪的第一道大坝。家庭是每个人的最初和最温暖的港湾,在社会化方面的重要作用是其他社会化机构比如学校,福利院等无法替代的;第四,削弱暴力文化的负面影响。个体形成犯罪心理是与不良的环境因素有关,是学习他人的犯罪经验的结果;第五,急剧转型的中国社会,迫切需要一个舒缓压力的渠道,通过有效的心理咨询等途径,疏泄人们的消极情绪,帮助人们调整心态,有效恢复心理平衡,避免消极情绪的激化。最后,社区是防控系列杀人犯的重要力量。社区是社会治安防控的主要监督者,非正式监督比正式监督更为有效。重建社区的一体化,使人们有归属感。
[Abstract]:As for crime, we often compare that after the opening of Pandora's box, a group of demons fly all over the world. It is clear that the cruelest of all kinds of crimes is the series of murders. In recent years, a series of murders that have gradually increased have not only caused great material loss to people, but also on the psychological level. Serious anxiety, shock, and panic. Those who seem to be quiet and gentle at ordinary times are so murderous and crazy when they are doing the case. And, more surprising, the perpetrator explains their behavior and motivation in a near absurd logic. There is no doubt, however, that in the eyes of the ordinary people, there seems to be no good way to explain why they do the word "butcher", "murder maniac" and so on. What has caused the gap between the two?
The study of this kind of crime helps to close the distance between the public and the perpetrator, and better understand the sensational crime of a series of murderers. The case is not unprovoked. Under the long-term squeeze of frustration and social exclusion, the vulnerable groups tend to be vulnerable to self-confidence and self-esteem, and the enemy is bound to be antagonistic. In the psychological state of the lack of self-regulation and the ability to decompress, retaliation and venting will evolve into a powerful internal drive, activating the individual's motivation to rely on violence and violence to achieve a psychological evolution from disadvantaged to strong self-esteem. After the violent crimes that have been sentenced to death, they will become more unscrupulous and crazily repeated use of violence. To find out the specific causes of their crimes, and to discover their regularity, help to formulate targeted measures to prevent and reduce crimes, and to help the detection of similar cases and the construction of a harmonious society.
This paper consists of four parts as a whole:
The first part introduces the concept and history of serial murderers, and then briefly introduces the types of serial murderers abroad.
First, the scope of a series of murderers is defined. It refers to a serious violent crime of killing a number of innocent people in a certain period of time. The offender is often a male, and the criminal activity is generally premeditated. The perpetrator often killed more than one victim, the victim is generally a stranger. The victim is in the identity, There is often a certain similarity in sex, place, and death pattern. The perpetrators all have pathological personality tendencies or symptoms, they enjoy homicide, they are indifferent to the suffering of the victims, and even get the pleasure from the victims. The perpetrators are secret, have strong anti reconnaissance ability and avoid being caught. Therefore, to this crime The detection rate of crime is low.
Secondly, it introduces the study of the crime of series of homicide by foreign scholars. In explaining the motive of a series of murderers, they often trace back to the childhood of the perpetrators. At the same time, it is denied that those who have committed a series of murderous acts are definitely mentally ill. It is not because of their physiological causes that they have anti society. Yes, but because of the unsound mental development of childhood, to adulthood, and through all kinds of extreme behavior. Some scholars believe that a series of murderers generally have similar development experiences, such as negative life experiences. They think that these life experiences may cause attacks and sexual fantasies, so that the perpetrators will recover from them. Sense of control. In the type of series of murderers, there are hallucinatory, mission, hedonistic, strength / control four points, as well as travel series of murderers, local murderers and the three points of near series murderers.
The second part mainly introduces the personality characteristics and behavior characteristics of serial murderers.
This part mainly analyzes the personality characteristics and behavior characteristics of a series of murderers. It is believed that personality is introverted and selfish; the emotion is delicate and can not communicate with the outside world; the personality is intelligent and abnormal, and the will is weak and strong is the personality characteristics of the series murderers.
The behavior characteristics of serial criminals include three characteristics:
1. extremes. A series of murderers, because of the distortion of the mind, the variation of emotion, the deformed hatred, and the motive of retaliation, often achieve the purpose of the crime by extreme means of violence, so the crime is often unscrupulous, not to choose the object, not to ask the reason, the extreme cruelty, and the 2. premeditated. 3. resemblance. With the formation of the habit of crime and the specific motive of the crime, in a series of homicide cases, it is often similar in the means of crime, the way, the object of the murder.
The third part mainly discusses the social causes of the series of murderers, including the following: 1. the social transformation induced the fierce contradiction, the widening of the gap between the rich and the poor, the unfair development opportunity, and the social discrimination made some disadvantaged groups express their dissatisfaction through serious violence. The improper family education, the inappropriate way of family education, the school education which focuses only on the intellectual education makes some young people unable to get warm and successful experience; 3. the negative effects of the media, the interaction with the violent crime, the bad violence, the pornography culture as the serious cause of the murder of the murderers, and the criminal heart of a series of murderers. There is a very critical role in the process of formation; the 4. interpersonal conflict is extremely developed. This conflict is caused by the personality of the actor. A series of murderers with verbal communication barriers and interpersonal barriers have serious psychological barriers and conflicts after adulthood: one side is the urgency of physiological needs; on the other hand, the heart is the heart. The increase of physical and mental factors makes the criminals more capable and experienced to commit crimes. The series of murderers are mostly committed to serious violence in the period of adulthood; 5. the disintegration of the social structure of the traditional community.
The fourth part is the countermeasures to prevent such crimes.
First, strengthen the social moral concept and the construction of values. Moral prevention is the primary strategy of crime prevention. "Demons are born by the heart", and should also be suppressed by the people in the first place; second, establish and improve the system of fair distribution and guarantee, and eliminate the hostile mentality of the criminals to the society. Reduce crime. Third, build a family, the first dam of crime prevention. Families are the first and warmest harbors of everyone, and the important role in socialization is other socialized institutions such as schools and welfare homes. Fourth, the negative impact of violence culture is weakened. Individual formation of criminal psychology is a bad ring. Related factors are the result of learning from the experience of other people's crime. Fifth, the rapid transformation of Chinese society, the urgent need for a relief pressure channel, through effective psychological counseling and other ways to relieve people's negative emotions, help people adjust their mental state, effectively restore the psychological balance, avoid negative emotional intensification. Finally, the community is an prevention and control department. The important force of the murderers. The community is the main supervisor of the public security and control, and the informal supervision is more effective than the formal supervision. The integration of the community is rebuilt to make people feel a sense of belonging.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D917.2

【参考文献】