犯罪新闻报道与未成年人犯罪的关系探讨

发布时间：2018-08-07 19:41

【摘要】： 犯罪新闻报道与未成年人犯罪的关系,一直是传播学界和犯罪学界关心的话题。随着信息时代的到来,大众传媒对人们日常生活的影响无处不在。在媒介竞争日益严酷的今天,犯罪新闻报道越来越受到传媒的重视,为了赢得竞争上的优势,犯罪新闻报道大有泛滥之势,其内容也存在诸多不尽如人意的地方。与此同时,未成年人犯罪无论是在绝对数量上,还是在相对比例上,都呈现出上升趋势,而且犯罪手段日益高科技化、犯罪年龄日益低龄化、犯罪形式日趋暴力化。于是,人们难免会对两者的关系产生疑问。在人们通常的认识中,犯罪新闻报道对未成年人的负面影响是很大的,它们应该对未成年人的犯罪行为负有一定的责任。本文的目的就在于了解犯罪新闻报道与未成年人犯罪两者之间的关系。通过对年龄、性别、家庭关系、学校关系、邻里关系、接触犯罪新闻报道的频率等自变项与对犯罪现象、第三人效应的认知以及相应的态度和行为等依变项之间关系的探讨,来研究犯罪新闻报道与未成年人犯罪之间是否具有相关关系。本文主要运用了传播学的使用与满足理论、宏观效果理论、第三人效应理论、犯罪学的社会控制理论、不同接触理论以及犯罪心理学的家庭关系紧张理论、犯罪被害恐惧理论等,对犯罪新闻报道与未成年人犯罪的关系进行了分析。在文献探讨的同时,本文还采用了问卷调查法,对沈阳市沈北新区的400名中小学生和广州市未成年人管教所的105名被管教的未成年人进行了问卷调查。共计发放问卷505份,收回有效问卷475份,其中在沈北新区中小学生中收回有效问卷为380份,在广州市未成年人管教所收回有效问卷为95份。本文主要包括以下四个部分: 第一章为绪论,分为两节。第一节主要阐述了本文的写作动机和目的。第二节对本文涉及到的一些名词进行了界定,并做了简要的阐述。第二章为文献探讨,分为三节。第一节就犯罪新闻报道的现状进行了的分析,主要概括了当前犯罪新闻报道存在的扭曲社会现实的问题。第二节主要是从环境因素和主体因素两个方面就未成年人犯罪的原因系统进行了介绍,重点分析了其中的文化原因,并结合传媒和犯罪新闻报道本身的特征,分析了犯罪新闻报道在该系统中的位置。第三节结合国内外的相关研究,就与犯罪新闻报道和未成年人犯罪相关的理论进行了简要的介绍,重点介绍并论析了其中的八个理论。第三章为理论解读与实证分析,分为三节。第一节通过对使用与满足理论的解读,并结合犯罪社会学的社会控制理论、不同接触理论和犯罪心理学的家庭关系紧张理论,对调查结果进行了实证分析,得出了犯罪新闻报道对未成年人态度和行为层面的影响。同时对两个不同的调查对象的数据进行了分析比较。第二节通过对宏观效果理论的解读,并结合犯罪心理学的犯罪被害恐惧理论,对调查结果进行了实证分析,得出了犯罪新闻报道对未成年人认知层面的影响。并对两个不同的调查对象的数据进行了分析比较。第三部分通过对第三人效应理论的解读,对调查结果做了实证分析。同时对两个不同的调查对象的数据进行了分析比较。第四部分为结论与建议,分为两节。第一节根据前面的理论与实证分析的情况,提出了本文的结论,并对该结论产生的原因进行了简单的分析。第二节根据结论的内容,从规范传媒行为方面提出了国家控制和媒介自律两方面的建议。从注重对未成年人的媒介素养教育方面提出了三条途径。本次调查结果显示:犯罪新闻报道对未成年人的影响与理论界通常的认识不尽相同。通常人们认为,未成年人接触犯罪新闻报道(特别是那些含有色情和暴力内容的犯罪新闻报道)与他们的侵犯性行为之间有因果关系。但本次调查的结果表明,犯罪新闻报道对未成年受众的影响更多的是认知层面的,而非仅有态度和行为层面的,是潜移默化的而非即时的。这种影响是正面的还是负面的以及程度如何,因人而异。它与未成年人的性别、家庭结构、同学关系、师生关系等有一定关系。一般来说,女生受到的正面影响比男生大,同学关系和师生关系好的学生比关系差的学生受到的正面影响大,双亲家庭和三代同堂家庭的孩子受到的正面影响比单亲家庭和留守家庭的孩子大。在普通中小学生中的调查结果和被管教的未成年人的调查结果有一定不同。无论是在认知层面还是在态度和行为层面,前者受到犯罪新闻报道的负面影响都要小与后者。这与他们家庭关系、同学关系、师生关系的和谐程度以及他们接触犯罪新闻报道的动机有很大关系。前者的上述关系和谐程度明显大于后者,动机也明显比后者端正,因此他们接触犯罪新闻报道时对内容的选择、理解与记忆是不同的,受到的影响也就不尽相同。另外,第三人效应认知在未成年人中虽然也存在,但强度很弱,特别是在被管教的未成年人中,第三人效应认知没有观察到,因此不会对其行为产生影响。研究结果说明,犯罪新闻报道对未成年人犯罪的影响是存在的,但这种影响的程度不像通常人们认为的那样大。其影响的性质(正面还是负面)及影响的程度(大还是小)因未成年受众个体情况的不同而不同。
[Abstract]:The relationship between the crime news report and the juvenile delinquency has always been a topic of concern in the field of communication and Criminology. With the arrival of the information age, the mass media has a pervasive influence on people's daily life. In today's increasingly severe media competition, criminal news reports are being paid more and more attention to the media, in order to win the competitive advantage. At the same time, both the absolute quantity and the relative proportion of the juvenile delinquency have shown an upward trend, and the criminal means are increasingly hi-tech, the age of crime is becoming increasingly low, and the form of crime is increasingly violent. It is unavoidable that people will question the relationship between the two. In common understanding, the negative impact of criminal news reports on minors is great, and they should be responsible for the juvenile delinquency.
The purpose of this paper is to understand the relationship between the crime news report and the juvenile delinquency. Through the changes in age, sex, family relations, school relations, neighborhood relations, the frequency of contact with the crime news reports, the relationship between the third person effect and the corresponding attitude and behavior. To explore whether there is a correlation between criminal news reports and juvenile delinquency.
This paper mainly uses the theory of the use and satisfaction of communication, the theory of macro effect, the theory of the third person effect, the theory of social control of criminology, the theory of different contact and the theory of family tension in criminal psychology, the theory of the fear of crime, and the relationship between the crime news report and the juvenile delinquency. At the same time, a questionnaire survey was used to investigate 400 primary and middle school students in Shenbei New Area of Shenyang and 105 minors managed by Guangzhou minors. A total of 505 questionnaires were issued and 475 valid questionnaires were collected. Among them, 380 valid questionnaires were recovered among the primary and middle school students in Shenbei New Area. 95 valid questionnaires were collected from the minors' correctional institution in Guangzhou.
This article mainly includes the following four parts:
The first chapter is the introduction, which is divided into two sections. The first section mainly expounds the motivation and purpose of this article. The second section defines some nouns involved in this article, and gives a brief explanation.
The second chapter is the literature discussion and is divided into three sections. The first section analyses the present situation of the crime news report, mainly summarizes the problems of the distortion of the social reality in the current crime news report. The second section mainly introduces the cause system of the juvenile offense from two aspects of the environment and the main factors, and focuses on the analysis. The cultural reasons, and the characteristics of the media and the crime news report itself, analyzed the position of the crime news report in the system. The third section briefly introduced the theories related to the crime news report and the juvenile delinquency, focusing on the eight theories.
The third chapter is the theoretical interpretation and the empirical analysis, which is divided into three sections. The first section, through the interpretation of the theory of use and satisfaction, combined with the social control theory of criminal sociology, the theory of different contact theory and the family relationship tension theory of criminal psychology, makes an empirical analysis of the results of the investigation, and draws the attitude of the crime news report to the minors. And the impact of the behavioral level. At the same time, the data of two different subjects were analyzed and compared. The second section, through the interpretation of the theory of macro effect, combined with the theory of the crime psychology of crime victimization, made an empirical analysis of the results of the investigation, and obtained the influence of the crime news report on the cognitive level of the minors. The data of two different subjects were analyzed and compared. The third part, through the interpretation of the third person effect theory, made an empirical analysis of the results of the investigation. At the same time, the data of the two different subjects were analyzed and compared.
The fourth part is the conclusion and the proposal, which is divided into two sections. The first section, based on the previous theoretical and empirical analysis, puts forward the conclusion of this paper, and makes a simple analysis of the causes of the conclusion. The second section, according to the content of the conclusion, puts forward two aspects of national control and media self-discipline from the aspects of standardizing media behavior. There are three ways to improve the media literacy education for minors.
The results of this survey show that the impact of crime news coverage on minors is not always the same as that in theoretical circles.
It is generally believed that there is a causal relationship between minors' exposure to crime news reports (especially criminal reports containing pornography and violence) and their aggressive behavior. But the results of this survey show that the impact of criminal news reports on the underage audience is more cognitive than only attitudes and actions. On the level, it is imperceptible, not immediate. This effect is positive or negative, and how the degree varies from person to person. It has a certain relationship with the gender, family structure, classmate relationship and teacher-student relationship of the minors. In general, the positive influence of the girls is bigger than that of the boys, and the students who have good relations with students and good relationship between teachers and students are compared. Students with poor relationships are more likely to be positively affected, and children from both parents and three generations of cohabiting families are more likely to be positively affected than children from single-parent families and left-behind families.
The results of the survey among the ordinary primary and middle school students were different from those of the controlled minors. The former was negatively affected by the crime news reports, whether at the cognitive level or in the attitude and behavior level, and the relationship with their families, students, students and teachers, and their contact with them. There is a great relationship between the motive of the crime news report. The former is obviously more harmonious than the latter, and the motive is obviously better than the latter. Therefore, the choice of the content when they are exposed to the news reports is different, and the influence is not the same.
In addition, the third person effect cognition also exists in the minors, but the intensity is very weak, especially in the disciplined minors, the third effect cognition is not observed, so it will not affect their behavior.
The results show that the impact of criminal news reports on juvenile delinquency is present, but the extent of the impact is not as large as it is usually considered. The nature of the impact (positive or negative) and the degree of influence (large or small) vary from the individual to the individual of the minor.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：G212;C913.5

【相似文献】