构建中国出境入境管理新体系的思考

发布时间：2018-12-12 13:28

【摘要】： 随着改革开放和对外交往的进一步扩大,特别是我国加入WT0后,公安出入境管理任务越来越繁重,责任越来越大,这对公安出入境管理部门提高管理能力和服务水平提出了更高的要求。而现行的出入境管理体系所固有的一些“顽症”已极大地阻碍了出入境管理工作发展,对现行出入境管理法律制度进行改革,推动出入境管理法律体系的健全和完善,进而达到构建出入境管理新体系,已成大势。本文试图通过对现行出入境管理工作面临的现实环境、自身结构体系存在的弊端等入手进行分析,根据我国的国情,综合借鉴世界先进国家出入境管理工作的做法,提出改进与构建我国出入境管理新体系的构想。首先,本文对我国出入境管理的历史作了一个简单回顾,看到其发展的脉络。同时着重分析了当前我国出入境管理体系改革的动因:一方面是其面临的现实环境:出入境规模迅速扩大,工作任务激增,人员构成、事由和流向多元化,使出入境管理工作面临许多新情况新问题;行政法制建设的日趋完善为“出入境法”的立法工作提供了理论基础和实践经验;转变政府职能和行政模式,加大出入境管理工作的公开性和指导性成为时代发展的应然。另一方面是其现有体系存在的弊端:管理机构重叠,证件签发机构交叉,边防检查机关的“一国两制”、“一省两制”和出入境法律体系的不完善,都是促使我们对现有体系进行重建的诱因。其次,本文指出我国出入境管理工作的改革必须借鉴、吸收国际先进经验和通行做法,与国际惯例接轨,有效地提高其专业化、法制化和现代化水平。文中介绍了美国、德国、日本、韩国等国的移民机构、出入境管理机构的在机构设置、法制建设和人员管理等方面的做法,以为我用。最后,本文就构建出入境管理新体系提出了自己的构想。最基本、最关键在于要创建适合中国现今国情的出入境法律体系,特别是针对正在进行中的“出入境法”立法工作,从立法的重点、难点及应注意的环节提出了自己的看法,认为在此出入境管理的基本法典确立的基础上,还应调整其相关法律关系,尤其是涉及出入境管理新体系建设的几个关键环节:理顺出入境管理体制,加速出入境管理的科学化、现代化建设和人才队伍建设。
[Abstract]:With the further expansion of reform and opening up and foreign exchanges, especially after China's entry into the WT0, the task of entry and exit administration of public security is becoming more and more arduous and the responsibility is becoming more and more heavy. This puts forward higher requirements for the public security entry-exit administration department to improve its management ability and service level. However, some "stubborn diseases" inherent in the current immigration and entry management system have greatly hindered the development of the immigration management work. We have reformed the current legal system of entry and exit administration to promote the perfection and perfection of the legal system of entry and exit management. And then to build a new system of entry-exit management, has become the general trend. This paper attempts to analyze the reality of the current immigration administration and the disadvantages of its own structure system. According to the situation of our country, we can draw lessons from the methods of the entry and exit management of the advanced countries in the world. This paper puts forward the idea of improving and constructing a new system of entry and exit management in China. First of all, this paper makes a brief review of the history of China's entry and exit administration, and sees its development. At the same time, it analyzes the reasons for the reform of China's entry and exit management system: on the one hand, it faces a realistic environment: the scale of entry and exit is expanding rapidly, the work tasks are proliferating, the composition of personnel, the causes and the flow direction are diversified. Make entry and exit administration face many new situations and problems; The improvement of the administrative legal system provides the theoretical basis and practical experience for the legislative work of the Entry-Exit Law, and the transformation of government functions and administrative models and the enhancement of the openness and guidance of the entry and exit administration work should be the development of the times. On the other hand, the drawbacks of its existing system are: overlapping management agencies, overlapping issuing agencies, "one country, two systems" of frontier inspection organs, "one province and two systems" and imperfect immigration and entry legal system. These are the incentives for us to rebuild our existing system. Secondly, this paper points out that the reform of China's entry and exit administration must draw lessons from, absorb international advanced experience and common practice, connect with international practice, and effectively improve the level of specialization, legalization and modernization. This paper introduces the immigration agencies in the United States, Germany, Japan, Korea and other countries, as well as the immigration and immigration administration agencies in the aspects of institutional setting, legal system construction and personnel management. Finally, this paper puts forward its own idea on the construction of a new system of entry-exit management. At the most basic level, the key lies in establishing an immigration legal system suitable to China's current national conditions. In particular, the author puts forward his own views on the key points, difficulties and links that should be paid attention to in view of the ongoing legislation of the "entry and exit Law". On the basis of the establishment of the basic code of entry and exit management, the author thinks that the relevant legal relations should be adjusted, especially the key links of the construction of the new system of entry and exit management: to straighten out the entry and exit management system. We will speed up the scientific management of entry and exit, modernization and the building of a team of qualified personnel.
【学位授予单位】：四川大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D631.46

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