卡特政府的对华政策与中美建交

发布时间：2018-02-09 21:53

本文关键词： 卡特政府中国美国外交关系邓小平　出处：《东北师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自1972年尼克松的“破冰之旅”,中美关系正常化便提到了美国的议程之中。然而直至七年之后,在卡特政府的任期内,中美两国才最终完全确立了外交关系。通过分析美国政府的解密档案,我们会发现中美建交决策是一个非常复杂的问题。它既关系到美国战略重点的转变,也涉及到美国对中国政局的评判,同时还受到美国各政府部门不同见解的影响。因此,本文在利用卡特政府解密档案的基础上,分为三个部分。第一部分展现了卡特政府执政初期对中国的政策,这是其对华政策的初探期和调整期。在经过政府内部讨论和跨部门的评估后,卡特政府于1978年正式确立中美建交方针。第二部分论述了卡特政府对中国共产党第二代领导集体的认知,其中包含了对“文革”后中国政局的分析和对邓小平执政能力的判断。在与中国的接触中,卡特政府也逐渐认清了中国的建交底线。第三部分概括了美国对华评估与中美交往的结果——两国建交最终实现。在通向建交的路途上,中美合作交流项目的开展和争议性问题的解决都成为了重要的推动因素。但是,卡特政府在初步调整美台关系时,便作出了有违于中美协议精神的决定,某种程度上影响了建交的意义。总之,本文以卡特政府的对华情报评估为主线,以秘密的中美建交谈判为辅助,试图客观、细致的还原卡特政府在中美建交问题上的决策过程,并力图从侧面揭示在错综复杂的国际关系下美国为其自身利益服务的外交理念。
[Abstract]:Since Nixon's icebreaker trip in 1972, the normalization of relations between China and the United States has been on the agenda of the United States. But seven years later, during the Carter administration, China and the United States finally fully established diplomatic relations. By analyzing the declassified archives of the US government, we will find that the decision to establish diplomatic relations between China and the United States is a very complex issue. It is related to the change in the strategic focus of the United States. It also involves the United States' judgment on China's political situation, and at the same time it is also influenced by the different views of the various government departments in the United States. Therefore, based on the use of the Carter administration to decrypt files, It is divided into three parts. The first part shows the Carter administration's policy toward China at the beginning of its administration, which is the initial period and adjustment period of its China policy. After internal government discussion and inter-departmental evaluation, In 1978, the Carter administration formally established the policy of establishing diplomatic relations between China and the United States. It contains an analysis of China's political situation after the "Cultural Revolution" and a judgment on Deng Xiaoping's ability to govern. In its contacts with China, The Carter administration has also gradually recognized the bottom line of China's establishment of diplomatic relations. The third part summarizes the results of the United States' assessment of China and its exchanges with China-the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries was finally realized. On the road to the establishment of diplomatic relations, The development of Sino-US cooperation and exchange programs and the resolution of controversial issues have become important driving factors. However, when the Carter administration initially adjusted US-Taiwan relations, it made a decision that was contrary to the spirit of the Sino-US agreement. To some extent, it has affected the significance of the establishment of diplomatic relations. In a word, this paper, with the Carter Administration's intelligence assessment on China as the main line and the secret negotiations on the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States as the assistance, tries to objectively and meticulously restore the decision-making process of the Carter Administration on the issue of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States. It also tries to reveal the diplomatic concept of the United States serving its own interests under the complicated international relations.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D829.712

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