当代恐怖袭击的特点及中国的应对措施

发布时间：2018-02-11 11:24

本文关键词： 恐怖主义当代恐怖袭击城市安全中国反恐防恐　出处：《上海国际问题研究院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：当代恐怖袭击是指:以大量人员、设施聚集的现代化城市为实施袭击的地点,蓄意针对非战斗目标和重要设施的暴力或威胁使用暴力的行为,旨在通过在社会中制造恐怖气氛以引起关注,来威胁政府或社会以达到某种政治性目的。在袭击目标方面,缺乏保护的商业场所和平民为主的“软目标”是主要的袭击对象,而城市中重要的生命系统,如通信系统、交通系统、饮水系统等也是潜在的袭击目标;在袭击方式方面,为制造大规模伤亡,恐怖袭击中主要以武装袭击、爆炸式袭击为主,而自杀式炸弹袭击是主要的袭击手段;在袭击策略方面,为增加袭击的成功率并扩大社会影响,恐怖分子多采用“多点同时进行”的策略,恐怖主义“本土化”、“草根化”趋势明显,“独狼式”恐怖袭击成为威胁城市安全的主要因素。恐怖组织从原来追求“象征价值最大化”转向追求“恐怖气氛最大化”,恐怖袭击也因此变得越发滥杀无辜和残忍,其危害性进一步增强。当前中国面临的恐怖主义威胁主要来自于两个方面,一方面是周边地区恐怖活动猖獗、恐怖组织数量多、极端思想传播广泛,恐怖分子跨境流动和极端思想的输入渗透较为便利;另一方面是中国国内的暴恐势力呈现扩张的态势,恐怖主义已经从南疆向北疆和中东部地区扩展,增加中东部主要城市的防恐反恐压力。近年来,国内暴恐事件数量明显增加,烈度加重。袭击目标同样以“软目标”为主,但对“硬目标”的袭击也呈现增长趋势。袭击中以爆炸式袭击和冷兵器为主,并出现自杀式袭击。恐怖主义“本土化”趋势明显,呈现境内外联动的特点。反恐防恐工作重在预防,中国应构筑反恐防恐的“四道防线”,即海外防线、边境防线、省际防线和重点场所防线。海外防线和边境防线都是以国家间合作为基础的,其中信息沟通、共享机制的建立是关键,合作中应以“平台+机制”的模式推进,避免“空壳化”;省际防线和重点场所防线则主要立足于国内,应以“政府+基层”的模式推进,其中基层组织和群众是防线构筑的核心,形成全民反恐的格局。
[Abstract]:Contemporary terrorist attacks are acts of violence or threats of violence deliberately directed against non-combat targets and vital facilities in modern cities with large numbers of personnel and facilities as the site of the attack, Aimed at threatening the Government or society for a political purpose by creating a climate of terror in society... in terms of targets, unprotected commercial sites and "soft targets" dominated by civilians are the main targets of attack, Important life systems in cities, such as communication systems, transportation systems, drinking water systems, and so on, are also potential targets. In terms of attack methods, in order to cause mass casualties, terrorist attacks are dominated by armed attacks and explosive attacks. Suicide bombings are the main means of attack. In terms of attack strategies, to increase the success rate of attacks and increase the impact of society, terrorists often resort to a "multi-point simultaneous" strategy. The trend of "localization" and "grass root" of terrorism is obvious, and the "lone wolf" terrorist attack has become the main factor threatening the security of the city. The terrorist organization has changed from pursuing "maximization of symbolic value" to pursuing "maximization of terrorist atmosphere". "and as a result of this, terrorist attacks have become even more indiscriminate and cruel, At present, the threat of terrorism in China mainly comes from two aspects. On the one hand, there are rampant terrorist activities in the surrounding areas, a large number of terrorist organizations, and widespread spread of extremist ideas. The cross-border movement of terrorists and the infiltration of extremist ideas are more convenient; on the other hand, the violent and terrorist forces in China are showing an expanding trend, and terrorism has spread from the south to the north and the central and eastern regions. Increasing anti-terrorist pressure in major cities in the central and eastern part of the country. In recent years, the number of violent terrorist incidents in China has increased significantly and the intensity has increased. The main targets are also "soft targets". But attacks on "hard targets" are also on the rise. The attacks are dominated by explosive attacks and cold weapons, and suicide attacks. The trend of "localization" of terrorism is obvious. The anti-terrorist work focuses on prevention. China should build "four lines of defense" against terrorism, that is, the overseas line of defense and the border line of defense. The overseas and border lines are based on inter-state cooperation, in which the establishment of information communication and sharing mechanisms is the key, and the cooperation should be promoted in the "platform mechanism" mode. To avoid "empty shell", the provincial defense line and the key place defense line are mainly based on the domestic, and should be promoted by the mode of "government grass roots", in which grass-roots organizations and the masses are the core of the defense line, and form the pattern of universal counterterrorism.
【学位授予单位】：上海国际问题研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D815.5

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