宋宁宗时期的民族关系与政策研究

发布时间：2018-03-15 23:37

本文选题：宋宁宗时期　切入点：民族关系　出处：《陕西师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：民族关系与政策作为宋代治国理念及其实践活动的重要组成部分,带有强烈的时代特色。宋太宗在位时期,树立了“守内虚外”的“祖宗家法”治国理念,对周边和境内民族,采取宽松的羁縻民族政策。当与这些民族发生冲突时,宋朝倾向于用经济、文化手段解决矛盾,军事手段往往被搁置一旁,由此形成了北宋与其他民族互相承认、长期共存的民族关系。北宋的这种民族政策及其实践活动,在女真发动的强力军事冲击下难以发挥效力。“靖康之变”后,宋与女真民族关系成为宋朝民族关系,乃至一切国家军政事务的中心。两宋交替之际,宋朝完全丧失了与其他民族关系中的主导地位,在与女真民族关系中被迫退居从属地位。这种状况甚至影响了南宋处理其他民族关系——如与大理的民族关系——的态度和措施。这种局面在宋宁宗时期再次发生转变。在政治上,历经南宋“开禧北伐”与金朝“南下扩地”的战争,女真最终主动求和,南宋重新取得民族关系中的主导权；在经济上,南宋实现了铜钱南流,经济上控制了金朝；在文化上,女真汉化的趋势不可避免,以至于金朝皇帝一再强调要坚持本民族习俗。这就使得宋宁宗时期之后南宋与蒙古联合灭金,一雪“靖康之耻”。宋宁宗在位时期,当时的决策层、边防大臣和理学家等个人和群体也从不同的层面上,对宋与女真民族关系与政策也进行了不同程度的讨论,并提出了一些建议。总体来看,就是“守内”而不忘“复仇”。结合女真衰落的背景,可以认为这些意见基本符合当时的客观实际,也起到了一定的积极作用。然而宋宁宗时期,北方蒙古已经崛起,而南宋的民族政策并未及时做出主动而积极的调适,从而为日后的灭亡埋下了伏笔。
[Abstract]:The national relation and policy as an important part of the Song Dynasty governing philosophy and practice, with strong characteristics of the times. During the Song Taizong reign, establishing a "keep in" "the concept of the rule of the surrounding laws handed down from forefathers", and the national territory, accommodative policy. When people Jimi conflict with these nations, the Song Dynasty tend to solve the contradiction between economy, culture, military means is often set aside, which formed the Northern Song Dynasty and other ethnic groups to recognize each other, long-term coexistence of ethnic relations. The national policy and practice in the Northern Song Dynasty, Jurchen launched a strong military impact is difficult to play. "Jingkang change", the relation between song and the Song Dynasty became the Jurchen nationality ethnic relations, and all the national military affairs center. The two song of the Song Dynasty, completely lost the leading position and other ethnic relations, in And the ethnic relations in a subordinate position. This situation was forced to retreat and even affect the attitude and measures to deal with other ethnic relations -- such as the Southern Song Dynasty and the ethnic relations of Dali -. This situation changed again in the Song Ningzong period. In politics, after the Southern Song Dynasty "Northern Expedition" and the "South expansion" of the war, the Jurchen the final active sum, the Southern Song Dynasty regained dominance in the ethnic relations; in the economy, the implementation of the cash flowing to the south, the economic control of the Jin Dynasty; in culture, Jurchen finished trend is inevitable, that the emperor has repeatedly stressed the need to adhere to the national customs. This makes Song Ningzong after the era of the Southern Song Dynasty and the Mongolia joint destruction Kim, a snow "Jingkang shame." during the Song Ningzong reign, the decision-making time, border ministers and pathologists and other individuals and groups from different levels, in the Song Dynasty and the The national relation and policy are also discussed in different degree, and some suggestions are put forward. Overall, is keeping the "do not forget" revenge ". With the decline of Jurchen background, we can consider these views consistent with the objective reality, but also played a positive role. However, the period of Song Ningzong, North China Mongolia has been rising, and the national policy did not make timely adjustment actively, so as to Japan after the demise foreshadowed.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D691.72

【参考文献】